重庆大学18春大学英语（1） ( 第2次 )作业
第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分）
1. There is a widespread belief that people who get on in lifemay be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influentialfriends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmlessbelief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met abrilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of herknowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager.Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyoneknew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to hissuperiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of hercolleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than itcould have been.
All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more,the modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they aregood enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factoryowner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, which would not go. Heexamined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started upimmediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, "This can'tbe right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer?" The engineerwrote out a new bill: "For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tapit, $99."
(1). It is believed that some people have succeeded in lifebecause____.
A. they feel superior to others
B. they are both influential and powerful
C. they have some special advantages
D. they have a poor background
(2). The engineer at the chemical plant was not promotedbecause____.
A. it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion thanfor her male colleagues
B. her boss did not think she had the right qualifications forthe job
C. the man who got his promotion was more experienced than shewas
D. her bosses did not approve of her political views andopinions
(3). The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge$100 because____.
A. he was the only person who could find out what was wrongwith it
B. the factory owner could not have repaired it himself
C. he hit the machine to get it started again
D. he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills
(4). The author's attitude toward the widespread belief is____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. sympathetic
(5). According to the passage, which of the following is NOTTRUE?____
A. Having influential friends or right background seemshelpful sometimes.
B. The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factoryowner.
C. Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance tobe promoted.
D. Those who are good in their job are still largely needed bythe modern society.
2. In the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to thesuburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawlout across the countryside, since most of those making the move weremiddle-class, they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintainthe neighborhood, in which they had lived. The people left in the cities wereoften those who were too old or too poor to move. Thus, many cities began tofall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected.(In the past sixty years, San Francisco is the only city in the United Statesto have completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile, housing constructioncosts continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed todecay, and little new housing was constructed.
Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only.During the day they would be filled with people working in the offices and atnight they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some businessexecutives began asking, "Why bother with going downtown at all? Why notmove the offices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the samearea?" Gradually some of the larger companies began moving out of thecities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and thesuburbs expanded still more. This movement of businesses to the suburbs is notconfined to the United States. Businesses have also been moving to the suburbsin Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium as well
(1). What did the city lose when those people moved out to thesuburbs?____
A. houses
B. cars
C. jobs
D. tax money
(2). What are not the resulting effects on cities when thosepeople moved out?____
A. There were more crimes.
B. Cities were in a bad condition.
C. Only one mass transit system was completed.
D. Some small companies moved in while larger ones moved out.
(3). According to the passage, the suburbs____.
A. were deserted at night
B. were deserted at night
C. had a high construction cost
D. had some declined business center
(4). Which of the following statements are True according to thepassage?____
A. Some companies in the United States moved to Sweden,Germany and Belgium.
B. Fresh air, spacious room and being away from others attractpeople to move to the suburbs.
C. People wouldn't pay tax when they moved out of cities.
D. The neighborhood should be maintained by old and poorpeople.
(5). What is the best title for this passage?____
A. Urban Renewal
B. Suburban Sprawl
C. Effects of the move to the suburbs
D. Development of the Suburbs
3. Mountain climbers around the world dream about going upMount Everest（珠穆朗玛峰）. It is the highest mountain in theworld. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste materialthat is harming the environment.
A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effortever on Mount Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain nextmonth.
The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twentySherpas of Nepal（尼泊尔夏尔巴人）. Their goal is to remove allthe trash（废物，垃圾）they see. They will spend two monthscleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers,batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They are expectedto remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.
Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up themountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in beforethe first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the effort willinfluence other people to clean up the environment closer home.
Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-upteam will take along newly developed equipment to collect and treat humanwaste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In thewarm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villagesbelow. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everesthas become more popular.
(1). What are those Americans concerned about when they areplanning the trip up Mount Everest?____
A. The environment pollution of the mountain.
B. The success in climbing up the mountain.
C. The equipment for their trip to the mountain.
D. The risks facing the climbers of the mountain.
(2). From the passage we can learn that the clean-up effort____.
A. is opposed by the local people
B. is the largest one supported by Nepal
C. is encouraged by the American government
D. is the greatest one ever made on Mount Everest
(3). What does the American team plan to do on the trip up themountain? ____
A. To make Everest even cleaner than it was.
B. To tell climbers not to leave waste materials.
C. To take away all the trash they could find there.
D. To collect and treat human waste before the ice melted.
(4). Team leader Mr. Hoffman hopes to turn Mount Everest into____.
A. its former state a few years ago
B. its original condition half a century ago
C. a place with no pollution at all
D. the cleanest mountain in the world
(5). What is probably the best title for this passage? ____
A. A Risky Trip Up Mount Everest
B. Pollution on Mount Everest
C. Mount Everest — Clean-up Effort
D. Robert Hoffman and His Clean-up Team
4. Since founding his Microsoft computer software company in1975, Bill Gates, this pale-skinned, soft-handed little genius has turned thecompany into a transnational monster with a market capitalization of $ US38billion value that makes it bigger than Ford, General Motors or Boeing. Bill Gates’sown 30 percent share of the company has made him, at 38, the second richestindividual in the US, worth somewhere about $ 9 billion.
Forbes magazine recently estimated that, if you convertedhis personal wealth into Rolls Royces, they would stretch nose-to-tail fromSeattle, Microsoft’s hometown, to Vancouver in Canada, a distance of 500kilometers. Gates and his wife will be moving into a $ US25 million house onthe shore of Lake Washington.
Microsoft empire, which was founded on the motto "Acomputer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft Software"."Sometimes we’d drop the ‘in every home’ bit," Gates says, "andsometimes we’d drop the ‘running Microsoft’ bit, depending on who we weretalking to." In the 18 years since he first suspected that themicroprocessor chip was going to change the world, Gates’s vision has provedremarkably prescient. As well as business undergoing computerization, a quarterof American homes now contain a personal computer or PC, with as many againplanning to buy one in the next two years. They may not all be runningMicrosoft programs, but about 90 percent of them are.
Even so Gates admits it has been a longer wait than heoriginally anticipated. He thought that computer developments would happen muchfaster. But he hopes for too much too quickly. He says "I had a far toooptimistic time-frame for most of the things I thought would come tree theprevalence of the PC, the effect of the microprocessor, the success ofgraphical user interface, the success of CD-based software". This lastdevelopment, only now beginning to take hold, which allows the storage of allkinds of sound and visual information with greatly increased memory capacity,has been eight years in the development.
(1). Which of the following is NOT true, according to thepassage? ____
A. Bill Gates, at 38, has been the second richest individualin the US.
B. Bill Gates has Rolls-Royces stretch nose-to-tail fromSeattle to Vancouver.
C. 25 percent of American families now contain a PC.
D. Microsoft programs are nm on the PCs of about 90 percent ofthe families owning a PC.
(2). Which of the following can best replace the underlinedword? ____
A. Progressive.
B. Prior.
C. Primary.
D. Far-sighted.
(3). From the above passage, what can we know about Bill Gates?____
A. He founded Microsoft computer software company in 1975.
B. The motto of Microsoft is "A computer on every deskand in every home, running Microsoft Software".
C. It would take longer than he expected to realize his dreamsabout his Microsoft empire.
D. All of the above.
(4). Bill Gates was too optimistic about the following except____.
A. the prevalence of the PC.
B. the effect of the microprocessor.
C. the success of VCD-based software.
D. the success of graphical user interface.
(5). Which of the following is the best title for the abovepassage? ____
A. The Wealth of Bill Gates.
B. The Future of Microsoft.
C. The Road of Microsoft.
D. The Foresight of Bill Gates.
5. Accidents are caused: they don't just happen. The reasonmay be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice onthe road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to themisfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what theaccident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after afamily quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone (易发生的), so often at odds with (和……争执) themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents forthemselves and others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predictor avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of roadaccidents are caused by a minority of criminally (不道德的)careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show thatmost accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness orthoughtlessness.
It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditionsmake people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires allfactories to take safety precautions (预防措施) and mostcompanies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, butstill, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent fromwork due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human erroror misjudgment——noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors whichcontribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those whodrink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three timesthe normal risk of accidents at work.
(1). This passage might be taken from____.
A. a text book
B. a science fiction
C. a popular magazine
D. an annual report of a company
(2). The writer indicates that____.
A. British people are often absent-minded
B. doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents
C. drivers are the only factor leading to road accidents
D. there are always some people who fail to observeregulations
(3). Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor ofaccidents?____
A. anxiety
B. tiredness
C. bad weather
D. carelessness
(4). "Accident-prone" (Para. 2) probably means"____".
A. liable to have accidents
B. likely to be killed in accidents
C. responsible for road accidents
D. possible to avoid accidents
(5). Which of the following could serve as the best title forthis passage?____
A. Prevention of Accidents
B. Causes of Accidents
C. Results of Accidents
D. Accidents and Anxiety
答案：
一、阅读理解（100分，共 5 题，每小题 20 分）
1.
(1). C (2). D (3). D (4). B (5). B
2.
(1). D (2). D (3). B (4). B (5). C
3.
(1). A (2). D (3). C (4). B (5). C
4.
(1). B (2). D (3). D (4). C (5). A
5.
(1). C (2). D (3). C (4). A (5). B 附件为可编辑word版本，内容和帖子内容一样，需要可以下载
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