重庆大学18春大学英语（2） ( 第2次 )作业
第2次作业一、阅读理解单项选择题（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分）
1. How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in otherwords, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men,unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and thatlater they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combinedto represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations -- thethings they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for usby experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us theglad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more thenumber of word that mean something to us increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughtsbut also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our mindsand emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literarystyle. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaningin words which sing like music, and which by their position and association canmove men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully anduse them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
(1). The origin of language ____.
A. is reflected in sounds and letters
B. is handed down from generation to generation
C. dates back to the pre-historic period
D. is a problem not yet solved
(2). According to the passage, words are ____.
A. visual letters
B. represented by sounds
C. represented either by sounds or letters
D. signs called letters
(3). The power of words lies in their ____.
A. beauty
B. accuracy
C. associations
D. charm
(4). The secret of a writer's success is the use of words that____.
A. recall to us the glad and sad events of our past
B. are arranged in a creative way
C. are as beautiful as music
D. agree with certain literary style
(5). The author of the passage advises us ____.
A. to use words carefully and accurately
B. not to use silly and vulgar words
C. to become a master of words
D. to use emotional words
2. There are some very good things about open education. Thisway of teaching allows the students to grow as people develop their owninterests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsiblefor their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Somestudents do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow themto enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school.They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry aboutthese things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom.For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little inschool. They will not make good use of open education. Because open educationis so different from traditional education, these students may have a problemgetting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important tohave some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when thereare no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last pointabout open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Manyteachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an openclassroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is. Some of its goodpoints and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion aboutopen education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but onlyin theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school.The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, wantsome structure in their classes. They want to have rules. In some cases, theymust be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjectsthey have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they didnot have to.
(1). Open education allows the students to ____.
A. grow as the educated
B. be responsible for their future
C. develop their own interests
D. discover subjects outside class
(2). Open education may be a good idea for the students who____.
A. enjoy learning
B. worry about grades
C. do well in a traditional classroom
D. are responsible for what they do in life
(3). Some students will do little in an open classroom because____.
A. there are too few rules
B. they hate activities
C. open education is similar to the traditional education
D. they worry about the rules
(4). Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?____
A. Some traditional teachers do not like it.
B. Many teachers do not believe in open education.
C. Teachers may have problems in open classrooms.
D. The teacher's feelings and attitudes are important to thestudents.
(5). Which of the following best summarizes the passage?____
A. Open education is a really complex idea.
B. Open education is better than traditional education.
C. Teachers dislike open education.
D. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea inpractice.
3. Reading time: 5 minutes
The True Story of a Young Man
When Reginald Lindsay received a scholarship to MorehouseCollege in Atlanta, Georgia, what he wanted most was a good job with a goodsalary. But soon he became interested in the civil rights movement. At presenthe has a plan which he hopes will take him to Congress as a southernrepresentative.
Now in his first year at Harvard Law School, Reg is makingcareful plans. After earning his degree, he expects to return to the South topractice law among the poor. "I want to help them understand what theirrights are and to help them achieve them," he says. Then he hopes to runfor political office at the local and state level until he is ready to try forCongress.
Reg grew up in a low-income Negro section of Birmingham,Alabama. Brought up by his grandparents after his parents were divorced whilehe was very young, Reg has been living through a period of far-reachingprogress in race relations. In the summer of 1968 Reg himself became a goodexample of this progress when he became the first Negro student appointed to aspecial new program. The program introduces bright young students to theworkings of the Georgia State government and encourages them to seek employmentthere after finishing their education. "I've been lucky," he says."I seem to have been in the right place at the right time."
But luck is only part of Reg's story, for he has made themost of opportunities that came his way. He learned to read in kindergarten andbegan visiting the public library regularly to borrow books. His grandparentsencouraged him, though neither of them had much education, and they bought hima set of encyclopedias. "I loved those books," he re- members."I used to come downstairs before breakfast and read short articles. Ienjoyed reading about famous men, and then I would pretend to be one of them. Iguess it was partly a childish game and partly an escape. It wasn't too muchfun to be a Negro when I was a kid."
While studying for his bachelor's degree at MorehouseCollege, Reg worked on several political campaigns helping candidates getelected to government offices. At the same time he maintained a "B"average while majoring in political science. He worked as a student advisor toearn extra money for his college expenses, and he was granted a scholarship fora year of study at the University of Valencia in Spain.
With just two more years to complete at Harvard Law School,which also gave him a scholarship, Reg has made a good start on hisprofessional career. He says, "The good life for me is the kind of lifewhere I can find satisfaction in public service."
(1). When Mr. Lindsay received a scholarship to MorehouseCollege, he wanted to ____
A. become a southern representative in Congress
B. participate in the civil rights movement
C. get a good job with good pay
D. help candidates get elected to government office
(2). We learn from the passage that Lindsay ____
A. spent his childhood with his grandparents
B. loved to read history books
C. had well-educated grandparents
D. learned to read after his parents divorced
(3). Lindsay felt that ____
A. reading about famous men would help him to succeed
B. pretending to be a famous person was a way to escape fromthe realities of life
C. reading in the public library was a good way to educatehimself
D. reading widely would provide him with many opportunities inthe future
(4). In Lindsay's time, ____ .
A. there was a great improvement in race relations
B. black people were still looked down upon
C. the Georgia State government encouraged black students towork for it
D. it was impossible for blacks to enter famous universities
(5). According to the passage, Lindsay's purpose in life was to____
A. become a famous lawyer
B. be elected to political office at the local level
C. get another scholarship to study abroad
D. serve the public
4. Some children are backward in speaking. Most often thereason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals ofthe infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up(吸收)language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn morereadily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiringskills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns tosing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hardonce the critical stage has passed.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in afixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech hasstarted late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (IntelligenceQuotient 智商). At twelve weeks a baby smiles and uttersvowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and under- standsimple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of thirty to fiftywords. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, andat four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather thangrammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with thecapacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that forthe monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sightand feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern "teddy-bear".And even more incredible(不可思议) is the young brain'sability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub(喧哗) of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine theparts of a language in novel ways.
But speech has to be triggered(触发),and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where themother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling, (咿咿呀呀) clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them.Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because thechild gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity tothe child's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development oflanguage.
(1). The reason some children are backward in speaking today isthat ____.
A. they do not listen carefully to their mothers
B. their brains have to absorb too much language at once
C. their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
(2). By "critical times" the author means ____.
A. difficult periods in the child's life
B. moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother
C. important stages in the child's development
D. times when mothers often neglect their children
(3). Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?____
A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.
C. The child's brain is highly selective.
D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
(4). It the mother does not respond to her child's signals ____.
A. the child will never be able to speak properly
B. the child will stop giving out signals
C. the child will invent a language of its own
D. the child will make little effort to speak
(5). Which of the following is true according to thepassage?____
A. By the age of a year and a half the child's vocabulary isstill under 100 words.
B. By the age of four children still make many grammaticalmistakes.
C. The author does not believe that children select andanalyse their language.
D. All children of high IQ start to speak early.
5. Ants have outsmarted me on more than one occasion. In particular,there was a weekend last summer when an ant scientist was a guest at ourcottage. I boasted to my naturalist friend that I could store food in an opencontainer for a whole week and keep it safely out of the reach of house ants.
Sunday night the experiment got under way. I put a largewooden tub on the kitchen floor of our cottage. After filling it to about thethree-quarters mark with water, I placed a high wooden stand in the middle ofit. On top of the stool, I put a saucer containing the bait: three or fourpieces of rich chocolate candy.
Then I painted a wide band of very slow-drying glue aroundthe outside of the wooden tub. With that, I stood back and admired my ant trap,fully confident that the bait would be untouched upon my return to the cottagethe following weekend.
When my naturalist friend and I entered the cottage justsix days later, ants were swarming over the bait!
Here's how they put me to shame. Single files of ants hadmarched head-on into the band of glue around the outside of the wooden tub. Ahandful of them had endured martyrdom, for they had embedded themselves end toend, and made causeways of their bodies. The tempting bait on top of the stoolmust have caused the little creatures to use their brains to the limit. Ants hatewater, but they had been courageous enough to build a highway across thestretch of water to a leg of the stool. They had assembled tiny pieces of grassand bits of wood no longer than a thirty-second of an inch, and had glued themtogether with saliva until their bridge extended from shore to island. Oncethey reached the leg of the wooden stool, traffic was almost all one way towardthe chocolate bait.
But there were some show-off fellows around, too; they weredoing things which ants have been known to do very rarely. We noticed that ahalf dozen or so were walking across the ceiling, and when they came directlyover the bait they let themselves fall squarely into the middle of their merrybrothers.
It is little wonder that I have been on the trail of antsever since, trying to trip them up or at least learn some of the specialtactics that they use.
(1). The writer wanted to convince his friend that____.
A. he knew more about ants than the scientist
B. he could keep ants away from food
C. ants are more intelligent than human beings
D. he could make experiments with ants
(2). The experiment was carried out in____.
A. the laboratory
B. an unused shed
C. the kitchen
D. the living-room
(3). When the writer and his friend entered the cottage six dayslater, they found____.
A. a lot of ants eating the chocolate candy
B. dead ants everywhere
C. swarms of ants marching around the tub
D. swarms of ants walking across the ceiling
(4). The bait was____.
A. in the middle of the water
B. kept on the water
C. at the top of the tub
D. on a stool in the tub
(5). The ants managed to get over glue by____.
A. marching courageously across it
B. going round it in single files
C. covering it with their bodies
D. making a bridge with grass and wood
答案：
一、阅读理解单项选择题（100分，共 5 题，每小题 20 分）
1.
(1). D (2). C (3). C (4). A (5). A
2.
(1). C (2). B (3). A (4). D (5). A
3.
(1). C (2). A (3). B (4). A (5). D
4.
(1). C (2). C (3). B (4). D (5). A
5.
(1). B (2). C (3). A (4). D (5). C
附件为wrod版本可编辑答案，内容和帖子内容一样。
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