重庆大学2018秋大学英语（1） ( 第2次 )答案
第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 10 小题，每小题 10 分）
1.One way to detect parents' influence in people is to look at age.Perrett's team presented male and female student with computer-generated (经过计算机处理的) images of average faces of the opposite sex at different stages of life and asked them to rate each face in terms of attractiveness.The students were also asked to answer questions about their parents — including their parents' ages.What Perrett found was students who were born when their parents were older than 30 overwhelmingly (绝大多数) preferred older faces.Students whose parents were younger when they were born selected younger faces as more attractive.Those with older parents, Perrett said, "were less impressed by youth."
Perrett's colleague Anthony Little, also of St.Andrews University, has since followed up with another study looking at hair and eye color.His results show that people generally prefer faces with the same eye and hair color as their parent of the opposite sex (as in a woman's father or a man's mother).One way to more accurately test whether our parents' looks influence our attraction to others would be to test adopted children to learn if they preferred features in their adopted or birth parents.Perrett says this could offer more definitive (最后的,决定性的) results, but he hasn't yet been able to do such extensive tests.(1).For what did Perrett's team make his research?____
A.They wanted to discover how people were influenced by their parents.B.They wanted to find out the influence of parents' ages in people.C.They would rate the attractiveness of parents' faces.D.They studied parents' influence of opposite sex in people.(2).What does "to rate each face in terms of attractiveness" in Para.1 mean?____
A.To tell the attractive features of each face.B.To decide which faces are more attractive.C.To find the more attractive stages of life from each face.D.To guess the age of each face according to attractiveness.(3).What did Perrett's team find in the study?____
A.Students did not like the faces of the same sex.B.Younger students preferred younger faces, while those older preferred older ones.C.Students were less impressed by the faces of those with younger parents.D.Students' idea on attractiveness depended mainly on their parents' age when they were born.(4).Why has the study with adopted children not been made?____
A.Perrett doesn't mention it.B.They haven't got enough financial help.C.They haven't been able to go so far.D.They haven't found appropriate adopted children.(5).Which of the following can't we learn from this passage?____
A.Perrett is from St.Andrews University.B.Anthony Little made his study after Perrett.C.A man would prefer the same eye and hair color as in his mother.D.Perrett used computer-generated images because of their clearness.2.The loss of biological diversity has become most spectacularly noticeable in extinction or decline of populations of large and well-known animals.Many animal species have become extinct since the 1700’s, among them the California grizzly bear (加得弗尼亚灰熊), the dodo (渡渡鸟), and the passenger pigeon (候鸽).Hundreds of other animal species are threatened.In North America, endangered species include the black-footed ferret (黑足貂), the California condor (秃鹫), the desert tortoise, and the whooping crane.Most species in danger of extinction anywhere in the world are suffering from the encroachment of human beings.The Asian elephant, for example, has become an endangered species due to the expansion of the human population throughout its range in southern Asia.In Africa, the African elephants are being killed off for their tusks.Monkeys and other primates throughout the world are threatened by hunting, capture for medical use, and the destruction of their habitats.And the rhinoceroses (犀牛), lions, and other large mammals of the African savanna (grassy plains with scattered trees) compete for land and life with some of the most rapidly growing human populations in the world.The loss of biological diversity is most severe, however, in the tropical rain forests.The forests of the tropics are particularly vulnerable to disturbance because the soils have a low capacity for retaining nutrients (营养).Most of the forests’ nutrient elements are held in the tissues (组织) of plants.When loggers (樵夫) and farmers destroy existing plant cover, the nutrients are washed from the land into streams, and the land itself becomes less able to support life.Destruction of these forests destroys the habitat of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of species---from such creatures as the howler monkey (吼猴)and indigo macaw (金刚鹦鹉), to less visible species of plants, insects, and microbes, many of which are not yet known to science.(1).The author points out that species extinction ____.A.quickened with the industrialization of the society
B.never took place before the 1700’s
C.is most noticeable in North America
D.is chiefly taking place among large animals
(2).Which one is closest in meaning to the underlined word "encroachment"? ____
A.Encouragement.B.Protection.C.Intrusion.D.Slaughter.(3).The chief cause of the gradual disappearance of biological diversity is ____.A.human cruelty
B.human interference .C.the disappearance of the forests
D.the increase of human population
(4).In tropical forests, ____.A.animals live a hard life because of competition
B.a lot of species die out for lack of food
C.rains constitute the major threat to species
D.a greater number of animals are yet to be known
(5).It can be inferred that species extinction ____.A.proceeds at a faster rate than noticeable
B.is the worst among well-known animals
C.is the most severe in Africa
D.is chiefly due to competition among species
3.CHICAGO (AP) On Jan.1, an order went into effect requiring that every checked bag at more than 400 of the nation's commercial airports be screened（扫描检查）for bombs and weapons.Sunday was expected to be the heaviest travel day since Jan.1.Yet spot checks on Sunday at several of the nation's airports showed no major delays caused by the new security measures.At the international terminal for Northwest Airlines at John F.Kennedy International Airport in New York, passengers waited up to 30 minutes longer than usual.Their bags were sent through giant screening machines and workers tore open taped boxes and searched through their contents before closing them up again.Most travelers simply accepted stricter screening developed since the terrorist（恐怖分子）attacks on Sept.11, 2001, before which only 5 percent of the roughly 2 million bags checked each day were screened for bombs.The U.S.government has put an additional 23,000 people into airports to carry out the new order.Sonny Salgatar, a 23-year-old college student flying home to San Diego from Chicago, was told by an airport officer after the first pass that one of his bags was "hot", meaning there was something he couldn't identify and he wanted to open the bag for an inspection.The "hot" item turned out to be Salgatar's clothing iron."Listen, anything they want to do for security is OK for me," Salgatar said.(1).The new measure was adopted to guard against ____.A.terrorist attacks
B.luggage damage
C.flight delays
D.air crash
(2).The word "hot" (Line 2, Para.6) most probably means ____.A.heated
B.popular
C.expensive
D.suspicious
(3).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ____
A.Major delays were caused after the security order went into effect.B.Most passengers regard the new measure as necessary.C.Passengers complain about longer delay at the airport.D.There will be more and stricter security measures.(4).What was the attitude of Sonny Salgatar towards the security measure taken? ____
A.He was annoyed.B.He had no objection.C.He thought it useless.D.He didn't worry about it.(5).The best title of the passage might be ____.A.Fear of Terrorist Attacks
B.Latest Screening Technology
C.New Security Measures Adopted
D.Inspection of Bombs and Weapons
4.Human cloning（克隆）technology could be used to reverse heart attacks.Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.With cloning, infertile couples could have children.Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages(百分比), are not very successful.Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children.Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children.Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.We should be able to clone the bone marrow（骨髓）for children and adults suffering from leukemia（白血病）.This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology.We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer.Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases.The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind.This new technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefits begin.(1).Heart attacks can be treated with human cloning technology by ____.A.removing the damaged part of the heart
B.replacing the old heart with a cloned one
C.replacing the old heart with a cloned one
D.giving the patients injections of various medicines
(2).The word "infertile" (Line 1, Para.2) most probably means "____".A.unable to give birth to a child
B.with physical and emotional problems
C.short of time and money
D.separated from each other for long
(3).According to the passage, one of the first expected benefits from cloning technology may be in ____.A.the treatment of heart attacks
B.the bearing of babies
C.the cure of blood diseases
D.the detection of gene-related diseases
(4).Cancer may be cured with the cloning technology by ____.A.attacking the diseased cells with healthy ones
B.controlling the growth of the cells
C.detecting disordered genes in the cancer cells
D.activating cancer cells by switching them on
(5).According to the writer, the main problem with the development of human cloning technology is that ____.A.it may be out of human control
B.it has brought about few benefits so far
C.people still know little about it
D.people are afraid of such technology
5.Studies of deforestation (采伐森林；损毁森林) in Amazon rainforest have underestimated the actual extent of forest loss by half or more, according to a study published in the April 8, 1999, issue of the journal Nature.Past efforts to estimate deforestation in the Amazon have relied on satellite images to calculate forest loss.The new analysis found that satellite images were useful for estimating deforestation by logging (伐木) and fires on an extent of land, but failed to capture numerous smaller pockets of damage, including damages caused by selective logging (a harvesting technique in which only selected trees are removed) and surface fires, which is often hard to detect from satellite images, as new growth quickly masks it.The new study focused on Brazil's Amazon region, where most of the rainforest is located.The researchers interviewed 1,500 wood mill operators and 200 landowners about logging practices, harvest records and fire damages on their lands.The researchers verified the information collected by measuring the actual wood harvest in selected parts of forest, and by surveying fire damages from an airplane at over 1,100 sample points.The research team found that damage from fires varied significantly from year to year due to larger environmental factors, but roughly similar damage caused by logging.They determined that actual deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon was at least double the damage estimates derived from satellite images.Damages caused by logging and fires threatened the Amazon rainforest.Sunlight can penetrate (穿透) holes in the forest shelter and reach the floor, drying plants and increasing the risk of fire.At the global level, many scientists worry that continued burning and logging in the forest will further raise levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Rising levels of carbon dioxide — a so-called greenhouse gas because it traps heat in the lower atmosphere — has been linked to global warming.Strict limits on logging, stronger efforts preventing fire, and controls on development could all help slow deforestation, the researchers said.(1).This passage mainly tells us ____.A.past efforts to estimate deforestation in the Amazon have completely failed
B.that damages caused by logging and fires threaten the Amazon rain forest
C.Amazon rainforest disappears faster than thought
D.that satellite images are made use of for estimating deforestation
(2).What cannot be concluded about the satellite images?____
A.Satellite images are useless for calculating forest loss.B.Satellite images cannot detect forest loss by selective logging.C.Satellite images were not accurate because of changing environmental factors
D.Satellite images showed half or less of the actual deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.(3).Which of the following was not done by the researchers in their study?____
A.Interviewing wood mill operators and landowners about logging.B.Surveying fire damages from an airplane.C.Measuring the actual wood harvest in selected parts of forest.D.Surveying the damage of forests caused by Amazon flood.(4).Which of the following is not the reason for the greenhouse effect?____
A.Uncontrolled development.B.A warming atmosphere at a global level.C.Sunlight reaches the forest floor, dries plants and lights fires.D.No limits on logging and bad fire preventing efforts.(5).What can we learn from this passage?____
A.Damages from fire and logging in the Amazon rainforest vary significantly from year to year.B.The worsening of the global environment is chiefly due to deforestation.C.It is a hard work to determine the accurate deforestation in the Brazil's Amazon region.D.Farmers should be blamed for the worsening of the global environment.6."It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth." acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts (维多利亚时代的积极分子们) in 1858 when the first transatlantic telegraph cable arrived.People say that sort of thing about new technologies, even today.The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet.A whole industry of Cybergurus (网络专家们) has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living) with exuberant claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollutions, and combat various forms of inequality.However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of savants (专家)at Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internet’s potential as a force for peace.One gum, Nicholas Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future "are not going to know what nationalism is".His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring "computer-aided peace" which "may help prevent future wars".The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict.This not new, alas, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies.In the early years of the 20th century, planes were expected to end wars, by promoting international communication and (less credibly) by malting armies obsolete, since they would be vulnerable to attack from the air.After the First World War had drove away such opinions, it was the turn of radio."Nation shall speak peace onto nation," ran the fine motto of Britain's BBC World Service.Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically (一劳永逸地)pacific force once and for all.The mistake people make is to assume that wars are caused by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.Indeed, even if that were true, the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict.Hate speech and intolerance flourish in its murkier comers, where governments (as France is now discovering) find it hard to intervene.Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war.(1).According to the passage above, which of the following has been assumed to be able to prevent wars? ____
A.Internet.B.Planes.C.Radio.D.All of the above.(2).In the author's eyes, some people ____ the peace-making possibilities of such new technologies as planes, radio and the Internet.A.have been not confident enough in
B.have been too optimistic about
C.have been too pessimistic about
D.have been cautions about
(3).The following statements are mentioned EXCEPT ____.A.Some people believe that wars arise from the lack of understanding between different peoples
B.Some people use the Internet to deliver hate speeches
C.Hanes were expected to make armies abolished
D.The first transatlantic telegraph cable were acclaimed to be able to reduce energy Consumption
(4).The word "avert" (in Line 7, Para.2) most probably means ____.A.promote
B.prevent
C.arouse
D.foster
(5).This passage is part of an essay; which of the following is the author most likely to discuss next? ____
A.More causes for the assumption that the Internet can end wars.B.Can the Internet reduce inequality?
C.Can the Internet promote communication?
D.Can the Internet reduce pollutions?
7.People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error.However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does.Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work.For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame.He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels.At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration.His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) between the gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short, he has solved the problem.(1).What is the best title for this passage?____
A.Six Stages for Repairing Sam's Bicycle
B.Possible Ways to Problem-solving
C.Necessities of Problem Analysis
D.Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem
(2).In analyzing a problem, we should do all the following except that we____.A.recognize and define the problem
B.look for information to make the problem clearer
C.have suggestions for a possible solution
D.find a solution by trial or mistake
(3).By referring to Sam's broken bicycle, the author intends to____.A.illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle
B.discuss the problems of his bicycle
C.tell us how to solve a problem
D.show us how to analyse a problem
(4).Which of the following is NOT true?____
A.People do not analyze the problem they meet.B.People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C.People may learn from their past experience
D.People can not solve some problems they meet.(5).As used in the last sentence, the phrase "in short" means____.A.in the long run
B.in detail
C.in a word
D.in the end
8.A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset.Many of us cannot stand pain.To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the "needle"- a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因) —that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it.This helps us adjust to the world.Without our nerves - and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn't know what's happening.But we pay for our sensitivity.We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain.Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain.This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.If the dentist says, "This will hurt a little," it helps us to accept the pain.By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation (感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart.After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.(1).The passage is mainly about____.A.how to suffer pain
B.how to avoid pain
C.how to handle pain
D.how to stop pain
(2).The sentence "But we pay for our sensitivity." in the second paragraph implies that____.A.we should pay a debt for our feeling
B.we have to be hurt when we feel something
C.our pain is worth feeling
D.when we feel pain, we are suffering it
(3).When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that____.A.Indians are not at all afraid of pain
B.people may be senseless of pain
C.some people are able to handle pain
D.fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms
(4).The most important thing to handle pain is____.A.how we look at pain
B.to feel pain as much as possible
C.to show an interest in pain
D.to accept the pain reluctantly
(5).The author's attitude towards pain is____.A.pessimistic
B.optimistic
C.radical (极端的)
D.practical
9.Richard Tapia, who grew up in a Los Angeles Mexican immigrant (移民) community, is now a famous mathematics professor at Rice University.He was six years old when his mother issued a controversial ultimatum (最后通牒) to her five children: they would speak English at home.Her order strained (使紧张) family relations, because some relatives read in it a rejection of their Mexican heritage.But as the children grew up, four earned graduate degrees from Stanford and Yale universities.Today Richard Tapia fully appreciates his mother's decision.He said, "I needed to be armed with the same tools.The bottom line is this: you can't go into battle unprepared."
Today, Tapia worries that bilingual (双语的) education has left millions of minority students defenseless.And he is not alone, from California to New York, bilingual education is under attack.Many immigrant parents have themselves join the objection to bilingual education.According to a recent Los Angeles Times poll, 84 percent of Latin voters in California support a proposal that would get rid of bilingual education in the public schools there.That's even higher than the impressive 80 percent level of support for the proposal at national level.Of 52 million public school students across the United States, more than 3 million, or 7 percent, receive some bilingual instruction, according to the U.S.Department of Education.Yet, for many immigrant parents today, the issue has lost its political and social importance.Their concerns are practical: they worry that their children face gloomy economic futures if they are not fluent in English.They fear that their reason for moving to the United States to make better lives for their children will have been hindered (阻碍) by the very program designed to aid them.(1).To Richard Tapia and his family,____.A.it pays to speak English
B.it is painful to speak English
C.speaking English at home is the cause of family troubles
D.speaking English at home marks a rejection of their Mexican heritage
(2).What does the last sentence of the third paragraph "The bottom...unprepared" mean according to the passage?____
A.What I will say last is that you cannot serve in the army unequipped with weapons.B.What should be remembered is that you can not fight against prejudices without evidences.C.The fundamental point is that you can not go into competition without tools like fluent English.D.The last thing I would remind you is that you cannot join in the fight against graduates from private schools without psychological preparation.(3).The word "objection" ( Para.5) most probably means____.A.attack
B.agreement
C.initiative
D.impression
(4).About bilingual education, many of people concerned in the U.S.have an attitude____
A.similar to that of the U.S.Department of Education
B.of gratitude because it's constructive
C.of strong disapproval for its possible undesirable results
D.of appreciation for its good intention
(5).Many immigrant parents are concerned with the issue of bilingual education because____.A.they have no interest in social and racial justice nor any interest in educational quality
B.bilingual education is supposed to hinder English learning and affect the students' economic future
C.bilingual education reflects the social and racial injustice in U.S.D.they don't want to be prevented from moving into the U.S.by the so-called programs designed to help them
10.We get energy from the foods we eat.Our food supplies energy to keep our organs working.Our food also supplies heat to warm our bodies.The main energy foods are the carbohydrates (碳水化合物).These are sugars and starch (淀粉).Wheat and rice are rich in starch and many fruits and vegetables contain considerable amount of sugar.Sweets, honey and jam are also rich in sugar.Like carbohydrates, fats are food that provides us with energy.Butter, margarine, certain types of fish, eggs, cooking oils and most red meats are rich in fats.Fats can be stored in various parts of the body as reserves of energy.Because fats in general are slowly digested, they satisfy hunger for long periods.Proteins (蛋白质) are very complex substances.The body needs proteins for the growth of new cells and for the repair and replacement of old cells.Foods rich in proteins are essential to a balanced diet.Milk, some vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, cheese, grains and nuts are some foods rich in proteins.A good diet will contain a variety of foods so that the body contains all the minerals it needs for good health.Vitamins are necessary for the proper working of the body.If we eat a variety of foods, we can be sure of obtaining all the vitamins we need.Water makes up about 70 per cent of the weight of the human body.The average adult needs about two liters of water daily to replace the water the body loses.(1).Of the following substances, which are not used as sources of energy by living things?____
A.Starches
B.Vitamins
C.Proteins
D.Fats
(2).If equal weight of the following substances is “burned” in the body, the largest amount of energy is produced by____.A.carbohydrates
B.fats
C.vitamins
D.mineral salts
(3).A boy grows five centimeters a year.The new material in his body has been built mainly from food called____.A.fats
B.vitamins
C.proteins
D.carbohydrates
(4).Which of the following is not true?____
A.If a man weighs 150 pounds, 105 pounds are water.B.Apple, butter and meat are rich in proteins.C.A well-balanced diet contains proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins.D.Biscuits, cakes and sweets may provide us with energy.(5).People can get all the minerals the body needs by____.A.having a balanced diet
B.drinking more milk
C.eating fruits and vegetables
D.having more fish and eggs
答案：
一、阅读理解（100分，共 10 题，每小题 10 分）
1.(1).A (2).B (3).D (4).C (5).D
2.(1).A (2).C (3).B (4).B (5).A
3.(1).A (2).D (3).B (4).B (5).C
4.(1).C (2).A (3).C (4).B (5).D
5.(1).C (2).A (3).D (4).B (5).C
6.(1).D (2).B (3).D (4).B (5).D
7.(1).B (2).D (3).C (4).A (5).C
8.(1).C (2).D (3).C (4).A (5).B
9.(1).D (2).C (3).A (4).C (5).B
10.(1).B (2).B (3).C (4).B (5).A
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