华师19春《综合英语（6）》在线作业
华师《综合英语（6）》在线作业1.[]The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident——the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (eg. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.<br /><br />
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(1)The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _____.
A. it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
B. they depended on electricity available only to the market economy<br /><br />
C. it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home<br /><br />
D. the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes<br /><br />
正确答案:——D——
(2) It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _____.
A.some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy<br /><br />
B. the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy<br /><br />
C.producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable<br /><br />
D.whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant<br /><br />
正确答案:——B——
(3)During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace _____.
A. as wage earners<br /><br />
B. both as manufacturers and consumers<br /><br />
C. both as workers and purchasers<br /><br />
D.as customers<br /><br />
正确答案:——C——
(4)Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and service because _____.
A.the family was not efficient in production<br /><br />
B. it was illegal for the home economy to produce them<br /><br />
C. it could not supply them by itself<br /><br />
D.the market for these goods and services was limited<br /><br />
正确答案:——C——
(5)The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage _____.
A.the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and services<br /><br />
B.many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace<br /><br />
C.consumers relied more and more on the market economy<br /><br />
D.<div>the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace</div>
正确答案:——A——2.[]We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternation with some 16-17 hour's wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shifty workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
(1)Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night" not a mere academic question?
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.</span>
B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.<br /><br />
C. Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.<br /><br />
D. Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits. <br /><br />
正确答案:——D——
(2)The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in _____.
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation</span>
B.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shift too frequently<br /><br />
C. the fact that people working at night are often less effective<br /><br />
D. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers<br /><br />
正确答案:——B——
(3)The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be _____.
A. to change shifts at longer intervals
B.to have longer shift<br /><br />
C. to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only
D. to create better living conditions for night workers<br /><br />
正确答案:——C——
(4)It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because _____.
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates</span>
B. body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back<br /><br />
C. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed<br /><br />
D.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently</span>
正确答案:——D——
(5)Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.</span>
B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has probed to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.<br /><br />
C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.<br /><br />
D.<div> Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.</div>
正确答案:——B——3.[]The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that 'I'm in it for me' has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful ( 一厢情愿的 ) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought."
(1) Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans________.
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>have adapted to a new set of moral standards </div>
B.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">are longing for the return of the good old days</span>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>have realized the importance of material things </div>
D.<div><span> </span>are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards </div>
正确答案:——D——
(2)The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by
A. its growing wealth <br /><br />
B.the self-centeredness of individuals <br /><br />
C. <span>underestimating the impact of social changes </span>
D.<div>the prejudice against women and minorities </div>
正确答案:——B——
(3)Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
A.Great mobility. <br /><br />
B.<div>Concern for one's neighbors.</div>
C.<div>Emphasis on individual effort. </div>
D.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Ever-weakening social bonds. </span>
正确答案:——B——
(4)In the 1950s, classroom violence
A.was something unheard of<br /><br />
B.<div>was by no means a rare occurrence</div>
C.<div>attracted a lot of public attention</div>
D.<div> began to appear in analysts' data </div>
正确答案:——A——
(5) According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed
A.if people can return to the "golden age" <br /><br />
B.when women and men enjoy equal rights <br /><br />
C. when people rid themselves of prejudice <br /><br />
D.<div> if less emphasis is laid on material things </div>
正确答案:——D——4.[]Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are awarded, which is published this week in Nature, Christine Wenneras and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit. Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other scientists in the same field, is central to the way in which science proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants. Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Research Council received for the 20 postdoctoral fellowships it offered in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women. Of the successful recipients of the awards, only 20% were women. In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work. When the council gets a grant application, it is evaluated by five reviewers, on three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewer’s scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between zero and 64; and finally, the scores from the reviewers are averaged together, giving the total score. Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order to get the same competence score as a man, a woman need either to know someone in the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she need to be, on average, 2.5 times as good on their measures to be rated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious women would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.
(1) What is this passage mainly about?
A.<div><span> </span>Abuses in peer review.</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>Favoritism in granting fellowships.</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>A comparison of male and female scientists.</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>Sex discrimination in the science world.</div>
正确答案:————
(2) What is the other most important factor beside sex that may affect peer review scores?
A.<div><span> </span>Connection.</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>Publication of papers in major science journals.</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>Competence of the researcher.</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>Methods used by the researcher.</div>
正确答案:————
(3) What does the word “relevance” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>Feasibility.</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>Connections.</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>Practical value or importance.</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>Probability of success.</div>
正确答案:————
(4) What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.</div>
B.<div><span> </span>Bias against women still exists today.</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>Women today are on an equal footing with men.</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>Nowadays women do as well in science as men.</div>
正确答案:————
(5) This piece of writing is most likely ____.
A.<div><span> </span>a news report</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>a research paper</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>a lecture</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>an argument</div>
正确答案:————5.[] The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the Western Hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 persons inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable. High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java.Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains or malaria-infested jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles; and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production. More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorer developed countries of correspondingly low general population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.
(1)Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to find _____.
A.1,300 persons<span> </span>
B. few inhabitants
C. pyramids<span> </span>
D.<div> many settlements </div>
正确答案:————
(2)In timberland areas of the world, ________.
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">there is dense population </span>
B.the density of population is relatively low<span> </span>
C. good quality land is found
D.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">deserts are common</span>
正确答案:————
(3)The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Where People Live </span>
B.<div> Population Distribution</div>
C.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Economics and Population </span>
D.<div> Population Densities</div>
正确答案:————
(4) In highly industrialized communities, we may expect ___________.
A.large rural areas<span> </span>
B. urban development
C. arable land<span> </span>
D.<div> no change in population density</div> 无忧答案网
正确答案:————
(5)This passage has probably been taken from_________
A.<div>a dictionary of geographical names </div>
B.<div>a textbook on economics</div>
C.<div> a world geography book</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>the 1960 census report</div>
正确答案:————6.[]Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild（行会）.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it -- as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
(1)Special words used in technical discussion_____.
A.never last long<br /><br />
B.are considered artificial language speech<br /><br />
C. should be confined to scientific fields<br /><br />
D.may become part of common speech<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(2)It is true that____.
A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
B. everyone is interested in scientific findings<br /><br />
C.the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him<br /><br />
D.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons</span>
正确答案:————
(3)In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of
A. farming<br /><br />
B. sports<br /><br />
C.government<br /><br />
D.fishery<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(4)The writer of the article was, not doubt______.
A.a linguist<br /><br />
B.an essayist<br /><br />
C. a scientist<br /><br />
D. an attorney<br /> <br /><br />
正确答案:————
(5)The author's main purpose in the passage is to_____.
A.describe a phenomenon<br /><br />
B. be entertaining<br /><br />
C.argue a belief<br /><br />
D.<div> propose a solution</div>
正确答案:————7.[]In the days immediately following hurricane Andrew's deadly visit to South Florida, Allstate Insurance hastily dispatched more than 2,000 extra claim adjusters to the devastated area to assist the 200 stationed there. Many of the reserves arrived in convoys of motor homes. Others flew in state rushed to set up its own communications system. Allstate expects to pay out '1.2 billion to cover more than 121,000 damage claims as a result of Andrew.All told, U.S. property and casualty insurers have been hit with more than '8 billion in Andrew related claims, making the hurricane the most costly single calamity to strike the industry since the San Francisco earthquake and fire in 1906(cost:'6 billion, after inflation). With claims continuing to pour in, Andrew threatens to take a painful toll on the already battered property casualty insurance industry and its 100 million policy holders. The final bill, analysts predict, is likely to top '10 billion, While most well capitalized insurers are expected to weather the storm, less anchored firms are in danger of being blown away, leaving U.S. consumers stuck with the tab. Says Sean Mooney digs itself out from the wreckage left by Andrew. Some will be buried by it."Hurricane Andrew is the latest in a string of mishaps to plague the American insurance industry this year. In April an overflowing Chicago River flooded the city's downtown district, costing insurers '300 million in claims. A month later, Los Angeles was rocked by the worst civilian riot in the U.S. since the Civil War. The insurance toll: '1 billion. Then came a series of major hailstorms in Texas, Florida and Kansas. They cost insurers a combined '700 million. And two weeks after Andrew, another lethal hurricane, Iniki, smashed into Hawaii, causing '1.4 billion in damages. In all, property and casualty insurers have paid out a record '13 billion in claims so far this year, far surpassing the previous high of '7.6 billion in 1989, the year of Hurricane Hugo and California's Bay Area earthquake. Just as in that year when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief.
(1)According to the passage, "Allstate Insurance" most likely refers to _____.
A. one of the property and casualty insurers in the U.S.<br /><br />
B. the only insurance company responsible for the damage claims by Andrew<br /><br />
C. the insurance industry as a whole<br /><br />
D.the biggest insurance company in the U.S.<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(2)As is stated in the second paragraph, the result of Hurricane Andrew is likely to _______.
A.lead to inflation throughout the U.S.<br /><br />
B. make the largest insurers suffer the most<br /><br />
C.put the industry in South Florida out of action<br /><br />
D. cause insurers with insufficient funds to go bankrupt<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(3)Using context clues, we may infer that "stuck with the tab" most probably means ______.
A. "caught in the hurricane"<br /><br />
B."exposed to natural disasters"<br /><br />
C. "trapped in financial difficulties"<br /><br />
D. "extremely vulnerable to further damages"<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(4)The end of the passage implies that, to compensate for their huge loss, the insurers will ______.
A. resort to a very big increase in insurance premiums
B. ask for subsidies（补贴）from the federal government<br /><br />
C. reduce their insurance coverage there after<br /><br />
D. require a higher interest rate from the bank<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(5)The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">show the severe damages and heavy losses caused by Hurricane Andrew</span>
B. suggest that U.S. insurers are virtually unable to cover the damage claims any more
C. tell about the difficult situation faced by the insurers throughout the U.S.<br /><br />
D.<div> prove that disasters tend to cause ever worsening devastation as time goes on</div>
正确答案:————8.[]Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills”. What skills are salable? Right now, skills for automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. What’s more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord. A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending the young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lion’s den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedlysalable skills, and can’t make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibly, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the higher liberal skills.
(1) From this passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of ____.
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>A flexible curriculum that changes with the times</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>A liberal education</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>Keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market.</div>
正确答案:————
(2) The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means ____.
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>remain steady</div>
B.<div><span><span></span></span>change in an irregular way</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>follow a set pattern</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>become worse and worse</div>
正确答案:————
(3)3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>A person with the ability to learn by himself.</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>A construction worker.</div>
C.<div><span> </span>A car repairman.</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>A person with quite a few salable skills.</div>
正确答案:————
(4) According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools should ____.
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>predict the salability of skills in the future job market</div>
B.<div><span><span> </span></span>take the current job market into consideration</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>consider what skills are salable</div>
D.<div><span> </span>focus on the ability to adapt to changes</div>
正确答案:————
(5) We can learn from this passage that ____.
A.<div><span><span> </span></span>liberal arts education is being challenged now</div>
B.<div><span> </span>schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times</div>
C.<div><span><span> </span></span>extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning</div>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>many students feel cheated by the educational system.</div>
正确答案:————9.[]Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people."The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.Another reason, it is true, is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly ever occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies, science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom ... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation (反复灌输) of proper emotional reactions.However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious (有害的) if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
(1)The central idea conveyed in the passage is that _____.
A.attitudes affect our actions<br /><br />
B. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils' attitudes<br /><br />
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences<br /><br />
D. the elementary school is a more effective milieu (环境) for developing wholesome attitudes than high school or college.<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(2)The author implies that ____.
A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude<br /><br />
B.children's attitudes often come from those of other children<br /><br />
C. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades<br /><br />
D. schools should offer the student opportunities for travel so that he can come into contact with people he would not otherwise meet<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(3) A statement NOT made or implied in the passage is that _____.
A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods<br /><br />
B. attitudes can not easily be changed by rewards and lectures<br /><br />
C.worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area<br /><br />
D.the attitudes of elementary schoolaged children are influenced primarily by the way they are treated as infants<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(4)The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in common EXCEPT _____.
A. the importance of experience in building attitudes<br /><br />
B. how attitudes can be changed in the classroom<br /><br />
C. how reading affects attitudes<br /><br />
D.reference to straight thinking and attitudes<br /><br />
正确答案:————
(5) In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writer's purpose would be _____.
A. "Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime"<br /><br />
B. "The vagabond, when rich, is called a tourist"
C."He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune"<br /><br />
D. "Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of resentment"
正确答案:————10.[]Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy. It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal, has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow. Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
(1) Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes
A.<div><span> </span>for recreation</div>
B.<div><span> </span>in the interests of the farmers</div>
C.<div><span> </span>to limit the fox population</div>
D.<div><span> </span>to show of ftheir wealth </div>
正确答案:————
(2) What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison. <br /><br />
B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">The hunters have set rules to follow. </span>
D.<div>The hunters have to go through strict training. </div>
正确答案:————
(3) Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game________.
A. by resorting to violence<br /><br />
B.<div> by confusing the fox hunters</div>
C.<div>by taking legal action</div>
D. by demonstrating on the scene
正确答案:————
(4) A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to________.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes <br /><br />
B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs <br /><br />
C.stop hunting wild animals in the countryside <br /><br />
D.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">prevent large-scale fox hunting </span>
正确答案:————
(5) It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.killing foxes with poison is illegal <br /><br />
B.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">limiting the fox population is unnecessary </span>
C.<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent </span>
D.<div><span><span> </span></span>fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich </div>
正确答案:————
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