【英语国家国情与文化－英国】练习
[*] 【英语国家国情与文化－英国】练习
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/learner/images/book2.jpg单选题
1.Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland __________.
A、now have complete control over their own affairs
B、have a dual system of government, unlike England
C、have the same system of government as England
D、no longer have the right to vote in Parliament
答案语解析：B
苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰分别拥有各自的地方议会处理地方事务。他们同时还在英国议会中保留一定的议席。英格兰则没有地方议会。
2.The system of voting which determines the government in Britain is called ________.
A、proportional representation
B、last in first out
C、first past the post
D、constitutional democracy
答案语解析：C
英国的选举制度被称为“简单多数票当选”（first-past-the-post）。
3.A session of Parliament normally lasts for about ________.
A、six months
B、a year
C、two years
D、five years
答案语解析：B
英国议会的会议期大约为一年，大致从当年的十月至次年的十月。
4.In order to stand as a candidate for Parliament you have to be a(n) ________.
A、eligible voter
B、passport-holder
C、taxpayer
D、party member
答案语解析：A
理论上说在英国合法的选民都有资格成为议员候选人。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 5. The first sentence from each of the five paragraphs below has been taken out, and the paragraphs have been put into random order. First decide which first sentence goes with which paragraph. Then put the paragraphs into their logical order. Choose the best combination from A, B,C and D.
A. ___________________________________________________________________
Depending on the relative strengths of the parties in the House of Commons, the Opposition may try to overthrow the Government by defeating it on a “matter of confidence” vote. But this is rarely going to happen when the Government has a large majority. So in general, the Opposition aims to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation by constructive criticism.
B. ___________________________________________________________________
The job of the parties is to present their policies to the electorate so that they know what they are voting for or against in the General Election. This political party system has evolved since the 18th century. Although there are up to a dozen registered parties, for the last 150 years, Britain has had a predominantly two-party system, represented today by the Conservatives and New Labor.
C. ___________________________________________________________________
In the debate, leaders of the Government and Opposition sit on the front benches in the debating chamber of the House of Commons with their supporters sitting behind them. There are similar seating arrangements for the parties in the House of Lords, but many peers do not wish to be associated with any political party, and therefore choose to sit on the “cross-benches”.
D. ___________________________________________________________________
By tradition, the Sovereign asks the leader of the party with the majority to form a government, about 100 of whose members in the House of Commons and the House of Lords receive ministerial appointments on the advice of the Prime Minister. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”.
E. ___________________________________________________________________
The other dominant party, the Labor Party started life at the end of the 19th century as the party of organized labor, and it is still seen as socialist or left-wing, though its name under Tony Blair – the New Labor – was intended to demonstrate a more inclusive, centrist philosophy. Since 1945, the Conservative Party and Labor Party have each won eight General Elections.
First sentences:
1. In the General Election, the party which wins most seats usually becomes the Government.
2. The British parliamentary system depends upon there being organized political parties.
3. No matter how they arrange their seats, the effectiveness of the party system in parliament relies on the relationship between the Government and the Opposition.
4. Of the two parties, the Conservatives have the longer history, deriving from the right-wing Tories of the mid-18th century.
5. Any government policy has to be presented to the Parliament for member of both ruling and opposition parties to debate and vote upon.
A、3A-2B-1C-5D-4E
B、2A-4C-1E-3B-5D
C、2B-4E-1D-5C-3A
D、2A -4C-1B-3E-5D
答案与解析：C
Order1st
2nd3rd4th5th
AnswersNo.LetterNo.LetterNo.LetterNo.LetterNo.Letter
2B4E1D5C3A
做这个题型，大家应该充分利用给出的第一个搭配。在做题的时候先把句子的位置放好，然后再进行排序。这个篇子的大意是讲英国的政党政治，执政党和反对党的形成及作用。 第2句首先指出英国的议会制度依赖于政党的存在。对应的B段则阐述了政党的作用，并指出英国有两大主要政党—保守党和工党。第4句紧接上段所提两大政党，指出保守党历史更悠久，起源于18世纪的托利党。对应的E段则接着介绍工党的起源及现状，并指出自1945年来，两党各赢得了八次大选。接下来第1句顺承上段讲到在大选中赢得多数席位的政党组阁。对应的D段具体介绍了政府的组成方式，并强调反对党也会组成影子内阁。下句第5句则表示所有的政策都由执政党和反对党辩论后经投票决定。对应的C段则介绍了在辩论中如何议员如何就座。最后第3句说无论座位如何安排，真正重要的却是执政党与反对党的力量对比。对应的A段则分析了不同的力量对比会出现什么样的情况。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 6.The government has to present all policy decisions to Parliament where they will be ________.
A、accepted and passed by the members
B、opposed and rejected by the members
C、debated and scrutinized by the members
D、changed and obstructed by the members
答案语解析：C
英国政府的政策都要经由议会批准，因此议会的主要任务之一就是对政府提交的议案进行辩论和审查。其结果可能是通过，也可能是否决。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 7.The following sentences are from a paragraph, but they are in the wrong order. Choose the correct order from A, B, C, and D.
a. Later Kings began to use the mediaeval argument of the “Divine Right of Kings” that it was God, not any earthly power that gave them the right to rule.
b. The Monarchy - a King or a Queen ruling a country - is the oldest system of national government.
c. The conflict resulted in the Magna Carta which limited royal power in respect to the rights of the people, though “the people” then were actually the land-owning barons and the extremely rich Church rather than the peasants.
d. This naturally met with opposition from the Church and the rest of the ruling class - the barons - for whom greater power to the monarchy meant less power for themselves.
e. At earlier times, the title was not necessarily hereditary, but had to be accepted by a witan or gathering of clergy and barons.
A、e-d-a-c-b
B、e-a-d-c-b
C、b-a-d-e-c
D、b-e-a-d-c
答案与解析：D
这段话的主要内容是君主与教会和贵族之间的斗争及其产生的结果。首先B句介绍君主制是一种最古老的政治制度。下一句E句就以the title呼应上句的monarchy，意思是早先君主并不是世袭的，而要经过教会和贵族的同意。接下来A句中later表示时间上顺延，对应at earlier times。内容上则出现转折，说明君主不满足于受人制约，而是利用上帝之名巩固自己的统治。下面D句以this总结上述君主的做法，并指出这样自然会引起教会和贵族的反对。最后C句中conflict是对上句opposition的延续，表示冲突的最终结果是通过了《大宪章》，削弱了君权，提高了“民权”，虽然当时的“民”并不是指普通的农民，而是指教会和贵族。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 8.The following sentences are from a paragraph, but they are in the wrong order. Choose the correct order from A, B, C, and D.
a. That is to say, he decides who shall speak and in what order.
b. All speeches in the House of Commons are made to “Mr. Speaker”.
c. The Speaker is chosen by the whole house, and acts like a chairman in a committee.
d. But in the whole process of debate, the Speaker does not vote or speak.
e. He is also responsible for making sure that the normal rules of House of Commons politeness are observed in the debate.
A、b-c-a-e-d
B、b-d-c-a-e
C、c-a-e-b-d
D、c-b-a-e-d
答案与解析：A
Tutorial 2, Extension Text 3
这段话的主要内容是下院议长的产生及其作用。首先B句引出下院议长这一人物。接下来则介绍了议长的职责。先是C句介绍议长如何产生，以及他的作用是类似委员会的主席。下面A句用that is to say进一步阐述了作为主席的职责，就是他可以决定谁来发言以及发言的次序。接着E句also一词又引出议长的另一职责就是保证辩论按照既定规则进行。最后D句用but作转折，指出议长虽然有责任保证辩论的顺利进行，他却不参与辩论和投票。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/learner/images/book2.jpg填空题
9. The monarchy in Britain has a history of more than a thousand years. Although monarchs once were the executive monarchs, with almost absolute power, today’s Queen is a ________ monarch, which means that she has no real power, but acts as a symbolic Head of ________.
constitutionalState
(1)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(2)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
答案与解析： constitutional, State
这个题目考察了英国君主制的变化。英国的君主制有上千年的历史。以前的君主有着至高无上的权利，但是如今的女王只是立宪君主，没有实权，只是象征性的国家元首。
10. The Magna Carta is generally regarded as the first step on the road to democracyin Britain, but it was probably not until the 17th century and the beheading of King _________ I that we can really talk of power for the people, and not until the 20th century that we can see universal ________ for everybody over the age of 18, including women.
Charlessuffrage
(1)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(2)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
答案与解析：Charles, suffrage
这个题目考察英国民主制度的建立过程。《大宪章》被认为是英国迈向民主进程的第一步，但是直到查理一世被送上断头台才真正开始谈到人民的权利，直到20世纪才实现了全民，包括妇女的选举权。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/learner/images/book2.jpg匹配题
11. Match the terms in the table below to each of the descriptions.
Terms:
1. Lords Temporal
2. Lords Spiritual
3. Law Lord
4. Life Peer
5. Hereditary Peer
Descriptions:
A. A member created to carry out the judicial duties of the House of Lords.
B. A member of the House of Lords whose title “lord” cannot hand down to the children.
C. A member of the House of Lords who is not a member of the clergy.
D. A member of the House of Lords whose title is inherited and can be handed down to the children.
E. A bishop or archbishop belonging to the House of Lords.
1：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
2：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
3：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
4：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
5：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
答案与解析:
1-C,世俗贵族指除神职议员之外的所有上议院议员。
2-E, 上议院神职议员由主教和大主教组成。
3-A, 司法贵族（上议院高级法官）负责有关的法律职责。
4-B, 终身贵族的议员身份只限于本人，不可传给子女。
5-D, 世袭贵族的议员身份是由其祖先一代一代传下来的，也可以传给下一代。
12.In the table below, five sentences of one paragraph have been cut in half. Match the endings of sentences in Column B to the sentence beginnings in Column A according to what you have learned from Tutorial 2, Extension Text 6. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Column AColumn B
1. The word “poll” originally meant “head”，A. and polling is literally counting heads.
2. Each constituency has a number of polling districts, with a polling station in the charge of a presiding officer,B. on election day from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm.
3. Most polling stations are in public buildings, C. that is, within 24 hours of the opening of polling.
4. Voting in general takes place
D. assisted by one or more polling clerks.
5. The final results are usually ready in the early hours of the next morning,
E. such as schools, town halls or council district offices.
1：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
2：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
3：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
4：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
5：http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
答案与解析：
Beginnings12345
Endings
(letter)
ADEBC
出处：Tutorial 2, Extension Text 6
这段话的主要内容是大选投票的情况。5个句子的前半句都是按照正常的逻辑顺序排列，所以只需要进行句子的匹配。第1句与A句构成并列句，其中polling对应poll，counting heads对应head，意思是poll原意是人头，那么polling就是数人头。第2句已经是完整的句子，意思是每一个投票站都一有位官员负责，D句则是officer的定语，表示这位官员有几位职员协助工作。第3句说投票站多设在公共场所，对应的E句则举例说明有哪些公共场所可以作为投票站。第4句take place后面一般接时间和地点，对应的B句就表明投票时间是从早上七点到晚上十点。第5句也是完整的句子，意思是最终结果到第二天凌晨揭晓，对应的C句对时间做了进一步解释，即在开始投票后24小时给出结果。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/learner/images/book2.jpg是非题
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 13.Members of the House of Lords are paid more for their work in Parliament than members of the House of Commons.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：F
这个题目的错误就在于说上院的议员比下院的议员薪水高。正确的应该是上院的议员不领取薪水。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 14.The largest majority of peers in the House of Lords are now life peers.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：T
上议院人数最多的是终身贵族，共有549名。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 15. The House of Commons is organized by the Speaker, a senior member from the ruling party who does not take part in the debate.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：F
这个题目的错误就在于说下院的议长是由执政党的资深议员担任。正确的应该是下院的议长经选举产生，由资深议员担任，但不一定来自于执政党。他不参与辩论和投票。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 16.If a bill is rejected by the House of Lords, it means that the bill is lost.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：F
上院可以拒绝通过一项议案，但是只能将其延后一年。一年后该议案自动通过。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 17.In the General Election campaign, each party can spend at most ￡30,000 in each constituency.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：T
根据法律规定，在大选中各政党的支出是有数额限制的。具体来说就是每一个政党在每一个选区的最高限额为30000英镑。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif 18.A Parliament can normally last for up to five years, but some Parliaments are dissolved before their full term is over.
A、True B、False 答案与解析：T
一届议会的最长期限是五年，但是并不是所有的议会都能任满五年。有时会提前解散议会重新进行大选。
http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/learner/images/book2.jpg阅读填空题
19.
A. accountB. regardC. leisurelyD. Queen
E. constituencyF. healthG. officialH. Government
It is actually the case that the ________(1) is presently considering changes to Parliamentary working practices , which are left over from earlier and much more ________(2) ages. However, what also has to be taken into ________ (3) is the fact that an MP’s work does not only involve attending parliament. There are ________(4) problems to look into, personal research to be done, ________ (5)visits around Britain and abroad, and family matters to be catered for.
(1)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(2)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(3)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(4)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
(5)、 http://appd10.beiwaionline.com/style/back/images/wrong_1.gif
答案与解析：
12345
Answer
(letter)
HCAEG
这道题目考察了议员的工作。政府正在考虑对议员的工作进行改动，因为议会的工作是由早先更加悠闲时期延续下来的。但实际上也应该考虑到议员的工作并不只是开会，还包括了解选区情况，进行个人的研究，参加国内外的正式访问，以及照顾家庭的事务。
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