大工20春《专业英语(计算机英语)》复习资料 (10)
专业英语(计算机英语)辅导资料十五主 题:课件 第12章 Multimedia学习时间:2020年7月6日--7月12日
“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题理论学习:
每周文摘:坚持党的领导,最根本的是坚持答案权威和集中统一领导。党章规定“四个服从”,最根本的是全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会;答案强调“四个意识”,最根本的是坚决维护答案权威和集中统一领导。这都不是空洞的口号,不能只停留在表态上,要落实到行动上。
摘选自《在十九届中央纪律检查委员会第二次全体会议上的讲话》
内 容:
本周我们将学习课件第12章Multimedia。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对本章相关知识点的理解。
重点掌握内容:
1.重点:掌握Useful terms and definitions of Multimedia 、掌握 Applications of multimedia、了解英文论文引言的写作技巧。
2.难点:掌握多媒体的元素:文本、声音、静态图像、动画、动态视频。
课程任务:
1. 熟读全文,参照译文理解全文大意。
2. 完成练习题。一、英文论文引言的写作技巧
1、引言的内容与结构布局
引言的主要任务是向读者勾勒出全文的基本内容和轮廓。引言包括5项内容,我们可以将这些内容分为三到四个层次来安排:
第一层由研究背景、意义、发展状况等内容组成,其中还包括某一研究领域的文献综述;
(1) Introducing the general research area including its background, importance, and present level of development
(2) Reviewing previous research in this area
第二层提出目前尚未解决的问题或急需解决的问题,从而引出自己的研究动机与意义;
Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant question
第三层说明自己研究的具体目的与内容;
Specifying the purpose of your research
最后是引言的结尾,可以介绍一下论文的组成部分。
(1) Announcing your major findings
(2) Outlining the contents of your paper2、引言与摘要的不同点
(1)引言中各层次所占的篇幅可以有很大差别。这一点与摘要大不一样,摘要中的目的、方法、结果、结论四项内容各自所占的篇幅大体比例一样。而在引言中,第一个层次往往占去大部分篇幅。对研究背景和目前的研究状况进行较为详细的介绍。研究目的可能会比较简短。
(2)摘要中必须把主要研究结果列出,而在引言中结果可以省略不写,这是因为正文中专门有一节写结果(results),不必在引言中重复。3、如何写引言的开头
引言开头(即第一层) 要回答如下问题:
What is the subject of the research?
What is the importance of this subject?
How is the research going at present?
In what way is it important, interesting, and worth studying?
What problem does the research solve?4、引言的开头常用句型有:
句型1:研究主题+谓语动词be…
例: Fuel cell(燃料电池)is a technology for the clean and efficient conversion from chemical energy in fossil fuels to electricity.
句型2: 研究主题+ has become …
例:Semiconductor based industry (基于半导体的工业)has be come the largest industry for the USA and it has influenced every other industry and every aspect of human life.
句型3:研究主题+ 被动语态
例: Air pollution has been extensively studied in recent years.
句型4: Recently, there has been growing interest in / concern about + 研究主题
例:In the 1990s there has been growing interest in the development of electric vehicles in response to the public demand for cleaner air.
句型5: Recently there have / has been extensive / increasing /numerous publications / literature / reporting on + 研究领域
例:There has been increasing reporting about forest decline in North America.
句型6: Researchers have become increasingly interested in +研究领域
或:Researchers have recently focused their attention on +研究领域
Researchers are recently paying more attention to + 研究领域
例:Researchers have become more interested in environmental indicators.5、如何写文献综述
文献综述是学术论文的重要组成,是作者对他人在某研究领域所做工作和研究成果的总结与评述。在援引他人的研究成果时,必须标注出处,即这一研究成果由何人在何时何地公开发表。
文献综述中的动词运用技巧
(1) 两类动词
文献综述中常用两类动词:
一类是描述性动词,客观地向读者介绍他人的工作;
另一类是评价性动词,在一定程度上代表了作者对他人的工作的理解、解释或态度。
常用的描述性动词有:
describe,discuss,explain,examine,present,state等。
常见的评价性动词有:
affirm,allege,argue,assume,claim,imply,maintain,presume,reveal,suggest等。
(2) 动词时态
文献综述中最常见的时态是一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时三种时态。使用不同的动词时态会给句子的意义带来变化,基本原则如下:
原则1:当作者引用某人过去某个时间所做过的某一项具体的研究时,用一般过去时。如:It was found that...
原则2:在概括或总结某一研究领域里所做过的一些研究时,用现在完成时。
原则3:在谈及目前的知识水平、技术水平或存在的问题时,用一般现在时态。6、如何写研究动机与目的
在介绍了他人在某领域的工作和成果之后,下一步便介绍作者自己的研究动机、目的与内容。介绍研究动机可以从两个角度入手:
(1) 指出前人尚未解决的问题或知识的空白;
(2) 说明解决这一问题,或填补知识空白的重要意义。
主要句型有:
句型1:用表示否定意义的词例little,few,no或none of+名词作主语,表示“在特定的范围中还没有……”的意思,由此来暗示知识的空白部分。如:
However, there exists little research on science fair projects.
句型2:用表示对照的句型。如:
a. The research has tended to focus on…, rather than on…
b. These studies have emphasized…, as opposed to…
c. Although considerable research has been devoted to…, rather less attention has been paid to…
句型3:提出问题或假设。如:
a. However, it remains unclear whether…
b. It would thus be of interest to learn how…
c. If these results could be confirmed, they would provide strong evidence for …
d. These findings suggest that this treatment might not be so effective when applied to…
e. It would seem, therefore, that further investigations are needed in order to…
指出或暗示了知识领域里的空白,或提出了问题或假设之后,下一步应该告诉读者本研究的目的和内容,要解决哪些问题,以填补上述空白,或者证明所提出的假设。如何写摘要中的目的部分。这里只略举几例:
a. The aim of the present paper is to give …
b. This paper reports on the results obtained…
c. In this paper we give preliminary results for…
d. The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…
e. This study was designed to evaluate…
f. The present work extends the use of the last model by…
g. We now report the interaction between…
h. The primary focus of this paper is on…
i. The aim of this investigation was to test…
j. It is the purpose of the present paper to provide…7、如何写引言的结尾
研究目的完全可以作为引言的结尾。也可以简单介绍一下文章的结构及每一部分的主要内容,从而起到画龙点睛的作用,使读者了解文章的轮廓和脉络。
至于研究结果,它是结论部分最主要的组成部分,在引言中完全可以不写。
在介绍全文的结构时,要避免使用同一个句型结构,如,Sections l describes…Section2 analyses…Section3 discusses…Section 4 summarizes…这样,每句话用同样的词开头,句型结构显得单调、枯燥乏味。二、Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with a prep. Given in the following brackets:
1) I have been here ______ last month. (since, for)
2) He was standing just ______ me. (beside, besides)
3) They were sitting ______ the shady tree, playing chess. (below, under)
4) I read the novel ______ the very end. (to, till)
5) I haven’t heard from my sister _____ my last letter. (from, since)
2. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:
You see one every day. You’re looking at on right now. And it may be the primary component that determines how you feel about your computer. If you chose your monitor well, then it should by now have become almost invisible and certainly ignored. Like any computer component, monitors are immersed in a vast Sargasso sea of jargon, making it difficult to determine exactly what you’re getting. Their fragility and weight compound this, making you reluctant to return it if you’re unsatisfied, especially since the bright lights and confusion of retail stores render side-by-side comparisons almost useless.三、电子商务相关知识补充
1.电子商务概念
电子商务是指利用互联网,特别是利用万维网来从事的商业活动。
2.电子商务常见的模式
可以分为:企业对企业的电子商务、企业对消费者的电子商务和消费者对消费者的电子商务。
3.电子商务对人们生活的影响
电子商务将会对人们生活产生巨大的影响。通过网上商店,消费者足不出户就能购买到各种各样的商品。公司和企业通过电子商务系统能一周7天,一天24小时地为全球范围的顾客提供产品和服务。四、本节例题
1、Most electronic devices today use some form of( )placed on printed circuit boards.
A. trigger
B. kit
C. microprocessor
D. integrated circuits
分析及解答:D
目前大多数电子设备使用某种类型的集成电路,它们被放置在印刷电路板上。2、The( )led to the invention of personal computers, or microcomputers.
A. microprocessor
B. transistor
C. chip
D. circuit
分析及解答:A
微处理器推动了个人计算机或小型计算机的发明。3、Accessing data from a floppy disk is called( )data.
A. printing
B. reading
C. writing
D. listening
分析及解答:B
从一个软盘上访问数据称为读数据。五、课后习题
1、RAM is a( )storage.
A. permanent
B. flash
C. temporary
D. expansion
考点分析:
此题考查学生对RAM的掌握。2、A(n)( )mouse emits and senses light to detect movement.
A. cordless
B. optical
C. camera
D. microphone
考点分析:
此题考查学生对光电鼠标的理解。3、A computer must include three of following. Which one is not necessary?
A. input system
B. output system
C. processing system
D. networking system
考点分析:
此题主要考查学生对计算机组成相关知识的掌握。
答案:1、C 2、B 3、D
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