大工20春《专业英语(计算机英语)》复习资料 (16)
专业英语(计算机英语)辅导资料二主 题：第二章Organization of Computers学习时间：2020年4月6日--4月12日
“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题理论学习：
每周文摘：信仰、信念、信心，任何时候都至关重要。小到一个人、一个集体，大到一个政党、一个民族、一个国家，只要有信仰、信念、信心，就会愈挫愈奋、愈战愈勇，否则就会不战自败、不打自垮。无论过去、现在还是将来，对马克思主义的信仰，对中国特色社会主义的信念，对实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的信心，都是指引和支撑中国人民站起来、富起来、强起来的强大精神力量。
摘选自《在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话》、习近平《论全面深化改革》
内 容：
本周我们将学习第二章Organization of Computers。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对本章相关知识点的理解。
重点掌握内容：
1．重点：计算机英语专业词汇的构成、计算机硬件的主要专业术语、缩略词
2．难点：计算机英语专业词汇的构成规律。
课程任务：
1. 背诵本文中出现的新单词、词组，理解其含义。
2. 完成练习题。一、New Words & Expressions:
instruction cycle 指令周期
decode vt. 解码, 译解
bus n. 总线
pins n. 插脚, 管脚
uppermost a.最高的；adv.在最上
address bus 地址总线
data bus 数据总线
via prep. 经, 通过
multibit 多位
bidirectional 双向的
unidirectional 单向的
hierarchy n.层次，层级
microprocessor n.微处理器
register n.寄存器
timing n.定时；时序；时间选择
synchronize vt.使...同步
assert vt.主张，发出
deassert vt. 撤销
trigger vt.激发, 引起, 触发
map v.映射
port n.端口
latch v.闭锁,锁存
program counter 程序计数器
operand n. 操作数
instruction register指令寄存器
increment n.增量,加1
flag register 标志寄存器
pipeline n.流水线
microsequenced 微层序的
local bus 局部总线
retrieve 取回；检索
CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器
I/O (Input/Output) 输入输出(设备)
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元二、Basic Organization of Computers
The generic organization of these components is shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1Generic computer organization三、Words and Phrases
1. take up
①become interested or engaged in (a pursuit)
开始对…发生兴趣；开始从事（某职业）；着手处理（某事物）
②occupy(time or space)
占用（时间或空间）
③begin(residence, etc.)
（在住处等）定居，安顿
④resume after an interruption
（中断后）继续，接下去
2. compact: vt.
①to press or join firmly together
使压紧，塞满，牢固地挤压或联合在一起
e.g. a kitchen device that compacted the trash
可以压紧垃圾的厨房用具
②to make my pressing or joining together; compose.
由…组成；通过挤压或联合到一起来制造；构成。
③to consolidate; combine
把…合成一体；结合
vi. to be capable of being pressed tightly together or to become so pressed.
使压紧，能够被紧紧地挤压到一起或成为如此挤压的
3. give off
emit(fumes, etc.) 发出，放出
4. relay
①receive (a message, broadcast, etc.)and transmit it to others 转发
②switch：change or transfer 转换
5. a tremendous breakthrough 巨大突破
6. independent adj
not depending on another person, do sth. alone分别的，独立的
7. attribute
characteristic quality ascribed to a person or thing.
(尤指所描绘的人或物的)特质，属性
8. etch
reproduce sth by engraving it on a metal plate with acid
(用酸在金属板上)蚀刻四、Exercises:（部分习题参考答案）
1. Fill in blanks according to the text:
(1) The ENIAC used thousands of vacuum tubes, which took up a lot of space and gave off a great deal of heat just like light bulbs do.
(2) In 1947 three scientists, John Badeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain working at AT&T’s Bell Labs invented the transistor computer.
(3) Most electronic devices today use some form of integrated circuits placed on printed circuit boards.
(4) The fourth generation computers can be characterized by both the jump to monolithic integrated circuits and the invention of _the microprocessor_.
(5) The microprocessor led to the invention of personal computers, or microcomputers.
2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:（仅给出关键词语的解析）
(1) How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.
设法完成 我们所感兴趣的
(2) My opinion is that he will not agree.
我觉得
(3) I know that he is friendly and hospitable.
好客的
(4) Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.
将要下雨
(5) Who did the work is unknown.
未知的五、Reading Materials
Three Components of Effective Computer Use
Many schools are spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on technology equipment. But is that equipment being used well? Moreover, the world is changing rapidly and students are leaving schools unprepared for the information age. The following information suggests a simple model for making the most of your current technologies and planning for future purchases.
The three components: (3Cs) of Effective Computer Use:
Content: Students should gain content knowledge while working at the computer.
Critical Thinking: Students should be engaged in higher level thinking and developing those skills while they are using the computer.
Computer Skills: Students should gain technical skills while they are working at the computer. Note-moving and clicking the mouse is mouse is not considered a computer skill. Computer skills include things like keyboarding, formatting text, inserting graphics, cutting and pasting, recording sounds, creating animations and special effects, etc.
Common Computer Uses:
Explanation of Chart:
Common computer uses are charted according to which of the components they utilize.
ILS and Learning Games: With a good integrated learning system or learning game, students can learn content and develop critical thinking.
Drill and Practice: Students may learn content while using drill and practice software.
Keyboarding and Word Processing: Students need to learn these valuable computer skills. However, these skills can effectively be taught using inexpensive keyboards designed for this purpose (Alpha Smart, Dream Writer, etc.). This will free computers for more productive uses.
Internet: While browsing the Internet, students can gain content knowledge and can gain some computer sills (effective search strategies). It is entirely possible though, that without a specific purpose for browsing, students may not gain either.
Projects Through well-designed integrated projects, students, students can gain content, apply critical thinking, and develop computer skills.Levels of usage
Recommended usage of computers
in classrooms and labs
Level 3: includes all 3 components (Content, Critical Thinking, computer Skills)
Level 2: includes any 2 components.
Level 1: includes 1 component.
50% of time and money should be spent on Level 3 applications.
30% of time and money should be spent on Level 2 applications.
20% of time and money should be spent on Level 1 applications.
Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:
(1)Many schools are spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on technology equipment. But is that equipment being used well? Moreover, the world is changing rapidly and students are leaving schools unprepared for the information age. The following information suggests a simple model for making the most of your current technologies and planning for future purchases.
(2)Computer Skills: Students should gain technical skills while they are working at the computer. Note-moving and clicking the mouse is not considered a computer skill. Computer skills include things like keyboarding, formatting text, inserting graphics, cutting and pasting, recording sounds, creating animations and special effects, etc.
Writing:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart named common computer uses in the text.六、本节例题
（一）判断题
1、Software refers to the physical equipment that can perform the basic functions contained within the data processing cycle.
2、Memory also called main memory, primary storage, RAM, is an internal storage area in the computer, where data and programs designed for immediate processing are held.
3、USB port is a new industry wide standard that will eventually eliminate the need to install adapter cards.
答案：1.错2.对3.对七、课后习题
（一）名词翻译，汉译英
1、存储器、内存
2、输入设备
3、输出设备
4、总线
5、中央处理器
答案：
memory
input device
output device
bus
central processing unit(CPU)
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