大工20春《专业英语(计算机英语)》复习资料 (4)
专业英语(计算机英语)辅导资料十八主 题：课件 第14章Virtual Reality学习时间：2020年7月27日--8月2日
“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题理论学习：
每周文摘：忠诚是共产党人必须具备的优秀品格。“忠诚印寸心，浩然充两间”的坚毅，“砍头不要紧，只要主义真”的无畏，腹中满是草根而宁死不屈的气节，食指钉入竹签而永不叛党的坚贞，无数先烈用鲜血诠释了对党的忠诚。对党忠诚必须是纯粹的、无条件的，是政治标准、更是实践标准，鲜明体现在坚决贯彻答案决策部署上。
摘选自《在第十九届中央纪律检查委员会第二次全体会议上的讲话》
内 容：
本周我们将学习第14章Virtual Reality。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对本章相关知识点的理解。
重点掌握内容：
1.重点：掌握Useful terms and definitions of Virtual Reality、掌握Applications and features of VRML、了解广告文体的特点
2.难点：掌握虚拟现实的基本概念、掌握VRML的基本概念。
课程任务：
1.背诵本文中出现的新单词、词组，理解其含义。
2.完成课后阅读。一、New Words & Expressions:
Presentation 陈述，表达
multisensory a.多感官的
perspective 透视图，观点
illusion n.幻想
image 影像，图像
inherently 天性地，固有地
six-surface cube 六面体
real-time 实时的
stereo 立体的，立体感觉的
resolution n.分辨率
mount v.装配，安装
release v.释放，放弃
depth cue 深度暗示
projected a.投影的
visual a.视觉的
simulation n.模拟
interactive 交互的
intranet n. 企业内部互联网
integrate 使成整体，结合
visualization n.可视化
presentation n.演示
virtual a.虚拟的
criteria 准则
authorability n.创作性
compose 组成，写作，排字
re-usability n.可重用性
extensibility 可扩展性
platform 平台
arbitrarily 武断地，任意地
animated 动画的，活生生的
dynamic 动态的
hyperlink 超级联接
author v. 制作
registration 注册，登记
community 团体，公用
interoperable 能共同使用的
extension n. 延长，范围
scope 范围
conceptually 概念地
aural 听觉的
modify 更改，修改
mechanism 机制
primary 原始的
composition 合成法，排版
encapsulation 封装
semantic 语义
resolution 分辨率
latitude 纬度，范围，地区
hierarchical 分层的，层次的
spatial a.空间的
accumulation 积聚，积累
dissipate v.使消失，失去
intractable 难处理的
compact 紧凑的，简洁的
syntax n.语法二、Abbreviations:
VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实
BOOM(Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor) 双目全方位监视器
HMD (head-mounted display)头盔显示器
VRML(The Virtual Reality Modeling Language)虚拟现实建模语言
API(application programmer interface) 应用程序接口三、Reading Materials：
LAN, MAN, WAN, lntranet, lnternet?
1. LAN
Local area networks (LAN) are computer networks ranging in size from a few machines in a single office to hundreds or even thousands of devices spread across several buildings. They function to link computers together and provide shared access to printers, file servers, and other services. LANs, in turn may be plugged into larger networks such as larger LANs or wide area networks (WANs), connecting many computers within an organization or to the Internet.
Because the technologies used to build LANs are extremely diverse, it is impossible to describe them except in the most general way. Universal components consist of the physical medium that connects devices, interfaces on the individual devices that connect to the medium, protocols that transmit data across the network, and software that negotiates, interprets and administers the network and its services. Many LANs also include signal repeaters, and bridges or routers, especially if they are large of connect to other networks.
The level of management required to run a LAN depends on the type, configuration, and number of devices involved, but in some cases it can be considerable. Forums for LAN discussion include newsgroups in the comp. dcom. lans. hierarchy.
2. MAN
A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a larger network that usually spans several buildings in the same city or town. The IUB network is an example of a MAN.
3. WAN
A WAN (Wide Area Network) is, in comparison, not restricted to a geographical location, although it might be confined to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public. The technology is high-speed, and is relatively expensive. CICnet is an example of a WAN The Internet is an example of a worldwide public WAN.
4. INTERNET
a) General
The question “What is the Internet?” is often asked, but there is no single answer that neatly sums it all up. The Internet can be thought about in relation to its common protocols (ways of exchanging information between computers), as a physical collection of routers and circuits, as a set of shared resources, or even as an attitude about interconnecting and intercommunication. Some common definitions given in the past include：
·a network of networks based on the CP/IP communications protocol.
·a community of people who use and develop those networks.
·a collection of resources which is accessible from those networks.
b) What’s available
Some of the basic services available to Internet users are：
e-mail = a fast, easy, and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world.
telnet = allows a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
ftp = allows a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
Usenet news = a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics.
World Wide Web (WWW) = a hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
c) Accessing the Internet
Large corporations and institutions of higher learning have near-universal access to the Internet. Home computer users may access the Internet though private or local Internet service providers. These include international services such as Prodigy, America Online, or CompuServe. Smaller regional and local providers are also available; examples in Bloomington, Indiana include BlueMarble and Kinva. Additionally, some cities offer public dialing facilities, often known as freenets; as their name implies, access to Internet services is provided without charge to those users with a computer and dialing capability.
5. INTRANET
internet is a communication network which bridges all the small computer networks worldwide as a whole. Intranet is based upon Internet technology, in particular World Wide Web (WWW) to build Information Systems within organization or enterprise to accomplish standardization and automation. Fundamentally it means network computing environments and it let the users share the information through Internet and Web browsers. Ultimately it allows a certain organization to build a Groupware within Web environment at low cost on top of existing network infrastructure. By doing this, closed organization network would be interconnected with existing worldwide Internet which results in diverse information that strengthen competitive advantages of the organization. Basically it runs on top of TCP/IP and HTTP and filters out any illegal access through firewall.
Translate the following into Chinese：
1. General
The question “What is the Internet?” is often asked, but there is no single answer that nearly sums it all up. The Internet can be thought about in relation to its common protocols (ways of exchanging information between computers), as a physical collection of routers and circuits, as a set of shared resources, or even as an attitude about interconnecting and intercommunication. Some common definitions given in the past include：
·a network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol
·a community of people who use and develop those networks.
·a collection of resources which is accessible from those networks.
2. What’s available
Some of the basic services available to Internet users are：
e-mail = a fast, easy, and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world.
telnet = allows a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
ftp = allows a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
Usenet news = a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics.
World Wide Web (WWW) = a hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
Questions：
(1) What is the difference between LAN and WAN?
(2) According to the text, what is Internet?四、本节例题、判断题
1、The transistor computer did not last as long as the vacuum tube computer lasted, but it was less important in the advancement of computer technology.
分析与解答：错
本题主要考查第二代计算机晶体管计算机的相关特点。晶体管计算机出现的时间没有真空管计算机那么久，但它在计算机技术进步过程中所起的作用不可你做。2、The term 'output' consists of all components that display words and graphics so that a person can see them.
分析与解答：对
本题主要考查学生对输入设备与输入设备的掌握。输出设备：显示器、打印机或其他设备，通过这些设备你可以看到计算机完成了哪些工作。3、Mouse belongs to input.
分析与解答：对
本题主要考查学生对输入设备概念的理解。输入设备：通常指键盘和鼠标，这些设备就像把数据和指令输入到计算机里去的管道。4、A web page is written in a computer language called HTML.
分析与解答：对
本题主要考查学生对网页语言HTML知识的掌握。五、课后习题、判断题
1、C is an object-oriented programming language.
考点分析：
本题主要考查面向对象语言与面向过程语言。C语言是典型的面向过程语言。2、ICQ is a popular software program for chats can be downloaded for free from the ICQ website.
考点分析：
本题主要考查ICQ聊天工具。3、The data bus moves data in both directions whereas program instructions go one way from memory to control unit.
考点分析：
本题主要考查数据线传送数据的相关知识。答案：
1．错2．对3．对
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