21春南开《大学英语1》第七章复习资料
《大学英语1》第七章拓展资源现在完成时和一般过去时时态1
现在完成时
概念
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在，并有可能再延续下去。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：for + 时间段，since + 时间点；常见的不确定的时间状语有lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days；表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来如：in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等；表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 结构
构成
助动词have/has + done
例句
They have lived there for more than ten years.
I have lived here since 2002.
Has it stopped raining yet?
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
备注
1. 现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。如：
A lot of damage has been caused by a snow storm that swept across the north of the country.
2. 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并有可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。而终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等在现在完成时态中不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：
I haven’t met him for two years.
I have not cleaned my room for three weeks.
时态2
一般过去时
概念
表示在过去某个特定时间发生而且已经完成的动作或过去存在的某种状态，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when
构成
句子中总有表示过去的谓语动词，如行为动词came, taught， be动词was, were, 情态动词could, might等。掌握助动词did的用法是关键
例句
It rained heavily yesterday.
I didn’t go to the cinema last night.
I often did my homework in the evening when I was a pupil.
备注
1. be/become/get used to + sth/doing表示习惯于某事或做某事，to为介词，如：
Genet has been used to eating Chinese food.
2. 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作时用used to do或 would + do，这里的to为不定式，后接动词原形。如：
He used to smoke a lot.
3. 在复合句中，当描述过去将来的事情时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。如：
She said she would give me some money when she came again. 她说再来时给我钱的。
I would go with him if he asked me. 如果他叫我，我就跟他一起去的。
He promised to help me with my English if he had time.
4. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。如：They were friends. 他们曾是朋友。 (他们现在已不是朋友了)
5. 特殊句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth. "到某人做某事的时间了"，"该某人做某事了"。It is time sb. did sth. "早该某人做某事了"。It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表“宁愿某人做某事”之意。I'd rather you came tomorrow.
6. 动词wish, wonder, think, want, hope, intend，can，will等用过去时，表不确定的询问、请求、建议等，语气委婉。如：I thought you might have some.I wondered if you could help me. Could you lend me your bike? Did you want anything else?Would you please give me big hand？
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