吉大《新视野英语（二）》第四章 复习资料
吉大《新视野英语（二）》第四章 主要知识点掌握程度
本章内容分为两个个部分，通过两篇篇文章的学习，我们要了解这一章中涉及的单词和词组、词语搭配和从句的用法、写作技巧和有关和本单元有关的背景知识；除此之外，在第二部分还会有实战练习，即阅读技巧的讲解，能够让大家在学到一些基础知识的基础上，掌握阅读技巧，以便更有效的完成对所需阅读文章的掌握和理解。
知识点整理
一、Pre-reading Activities
1、Answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1）How many foreign high school students travel to study in America each year?
There are about 78,000 foreign high schools students travels to study in America each year.
2）What are their reasons for studying in America?
Their reasons for studying in America are that they want to improve their English, finish high school, and learn about a different way of life.
3）What are the problems the foreign students must cope with when they study in America?
They face problems like finding a place to live and enough money for personal and medical expenses. They also must learn to take care of themselves.
2、Background Information
1）Host family is the family that provides ‘board and room’, food, etc. for overseas visitors or students.
2）Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as God’s son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three major groups -- Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox.
Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, business, government, and social relations.
3）Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countries or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the government. It first appeared in France in 1793.
4）Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. Health insurance may apply to a limited or broad range of medical services and may provide for full or partial costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical services or repaying the insured for specified medical costs and may sometimes include income benefits for working time lost owing to sickness or maternity leave.
二、Section A
Sentences understanding
1、At first glance, this is just another routine flight to Los Angeles, California. (Para.2)
Meaning: When you first think about it, it seems to be true that it is just another ordinary flight to Los Angeles, California.
1）routine
a. usual; regular 日常的，常规的
routine flight例行的常规航班
My job is so routine and dull. I hate it. 我的工作如此死板乏味。我实在不喜欢这工作。
It is just a routine medical examination, nothing to get worried about. 这只是例行体检, 没什么可担心的。
n. fixed or regular way of doing things 例行公事（手续），常规
她发现退休后很难建立起新的生活规律了。
She found it difficult to set up a new routine after the end of her career.
2）abroadad. 1. in or to a foreign country or countries; away from one‘s own country 在国外，到国外，出国
他们定期在国内外演出。
They perform regularly both at home and abroad.
他经常到国外出差。
He always goes abroad on business.
3） being spread widely 广为传播
她要离开公司的消息四下已传开了。
It is abroad that she plans to leave the company.
大伙儿劲头很足。
There is plenty of enthusiasm abroad.
4）at first glance when seen or examined for the first time乍一看；最初看到时
乍一看，那问题似乎很容易解决。
At first glance the problem seemed easy.
乍一看，我还以为那是只狗。
At first glance I thought it was a dog.
乍一看，新产品的价格似乎比旧的要高很多。
At first glance, the price of the new product is much higher than that of the old one.
2、Every year the United States is host to an average of 78,000 foreign high school level students, of which 3,000 are Brazilian. (Para.3)
Meaning: Every year, the Unites States provides chances for about 78,000 high school students, among which 3,000 are Brazilian, to receive further education.
1）host n. 1. a person who receives or entertains one or more other people as guests; a place or organization that provides the space and other necessary things for a special event 主人，东道主
这个城市去年接待了55万游客。
This city was host to 550,000 visitors last year.
2. a person who introduces guests and programs, esp. on television or radio主持人
今晚演出的主持人是泰莉•沃根。
Our host for tonight's show is Terry Wogan.
3. (of) great number. 大量, 许多
这个无私大度的男子有很多朋友。
The unselfish man had hosts of friends.
vt. act as host of 做…… 东道主（或主持人）
北京将于2008年主办奥运会。
Beijing will host the Olympic Games in the year of
2008.
2）authority n.
（1）(usu. pl.) person or group having the power to give orders or take action掌权的人, 当局
(市镇、郡、区等的) 地方当局
local authorities
这是上级的意思。
This is the idea of higher authorities.
（2） a person with special knowledge 权威
他是国际著名的造船权威。
He is a famous international authority on shipbuilding.
（3） power to give orders and make others obey 权力，权威，权势
警方有权进行搜查。
The police had the authority to do a search.
3）grant
vt. agree to give or allow (what is asked for) 准许，允许，答应给予
她答应了他们的请求。
She granted their request.
美国同意给予这个新建立的国家以外交承认。
The US agreed to grant the new state diplomatic recognition.
n. thing given for a special reason, esp. money from the government 授予之物（尤指政府拨款、补助金、助学金）
你可以得到一笔修房补助金。
You can get a grant to repair your house.
他们给予她一份助学金资助她出国学习一年。
They gave her a grant to study abroad for one year.
4）certificate n. official written or printed statement that may be used as proof of certain facts证明，证书，执照
她被授予了考试合格证书。
She was granted an examination certificate.
你得有医生证明，证明你病得不能上班了。
You'll need a doctor's certificate to prove that you've been too ill to go to work.
5）as long as on condition that; provided that 只要
只要天不下雨，我们就能玩。
As long as it doesn't rain we can play.
只要你不惹麻烦，你去哪儿我都无所谓。
I don't mind where you go as long as you don't get into any trouble.
只要你和我在一起，我什么都不怕。
I am afraid of nothing as long as you stay with me.
只要你努力工作，就一定会成功。
You will surely achieve success as long as you work hard.
6）live throughexperience 经历，经受住
我的婶婶经历了三次战争。
My aunt has lived through three wars.
她经历过一些可怕的事情。
She has lived through some terrible experiences.
8）dream of Imagine, have hopes for想象，梦想，向往
他梦想有一天能成为一个名作家。
He dreams of becoming a famous writer one day.
我梦想有一天能为自己干，而不是为老板干。
I dream of one day working for myself and not having a boss.
怀特先生梦想着住在一幢有一个美丽的花园和一个大游泳池的房子里。
Mr. White dreamed of living in a house with a nice garden and a big swimming pool.
他从未想过得到这么重要的职位。
He never dreamed of such an important position.
9）conductor n.
（1） (乐队、合唱) 指挥
谁是今晚音乐会的指挥。
Who's the conductor for tonight's concert?
指挥转身面对观众，整个音乐厅顿时鸦雀无声。
The conductor turned to face her audience and the entire concert hall fell silent.
（2） a person who sell tickets on a bus; the person in charge of a train 公共汽车售票员; 火车管理员
列车员
a train conductor
10）specify vt. state or name clearly (details, materials, etc.) 明确说明，具体指定
规定考试时可使用辞典。
It is specified that you may use a dictionary in the examination.
她指定卧室的窗户用蓝色。
She specified blue for the bedroom windows.
他还没有说明会对他们的行为采取什么应对措施。
He hasn’t specified what action he would take in response to their behavior.
设计师具体说明了所需砖头的尺寸。
The designer specified the size of bricks to be used.
规定考试时可使用辞典。
It is specified that you may use a dictionary in the examination.
11）plan on aim for; prepare 为……做准备
我们打算吃份快餐然后去赶早班火车。
We were planning on just having a snack and catching the early train.
3、… have difficulty finding a host family. (Para.5)
1）have difficulty (in) doing sth.: not able to do sth. easily
你早上早起是不是有困难？
Do you have difficulty getting up early?
莉莉总是很难独立完成数学作业。
Lily always had great difficulty finishing the mathematics assignment all by herself.
Notice that after “have difficulty”, we use either “in doing ...” structure, or simply “doing ...” without the preposition “in”.
2）work out devise; plan 设计，计划
那个老师设计了一种新的授课方法。
The teacher worked out a new way of teaching.
我们必须想出更好的节约纸张的方法。
We must work out a better method of saving paper.
我已经把大纲草拟好了, 随后我们得把所有的细节列出来。
I have drawn up the main outlines, and we will have to work out all the details later.
我想不出如何去解决这个问题。
I can’t work out how to deal with it.
4、Very few arrive in the country with all the details worked out. (Para.5)
Meaning: Almost none of the students managed to have all details planned or decided when they arrive in the United States.
1）depend on vary according to, be influenced or decided by视 …… 而定
运动会能否成功进行要看会不会下雨了。
The success of the sports day depends on whether it rains or not.
2）overseas
a. (at, to, from, etc. places or countries) across the sea; foreign (在、到、来自)海外的，外国的
我们正设法为我们的汽车开拓海外市场。
We are trying to build up overseas markets for our cars.
美国有许多国外的留学生。
There are a lot of overseas students in America.
ad. across the sea; abroad 在海外；在国外
现在比以前有更多的人去海外度假。
Many more people travel overseas for their holidays now than used to be the case.
5、…I didn’t economize on words. (Para.5)
Meaning: I said all that I wanted to say.
1）hit the target
succeed; manage
达到目的，中肯
你说他懒，可说中要害了。
You certainly hit the target when you said that he was lazy.
他达到了目的，当上了班长。
He hit the target when he became president of the class.
6、She hit the target. (Para.5)
Meaning: She just did the right thing and succeeded.
7、Americans are quite religious (the majority being Christian) and have a special place in their hearts for pets. (Para.5)
Meaning: Most Americans have faith, especially Christianity, and they also have a special feeling for pets.
8、American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction. (Para.5)
Meaning: Those American families are not paid for providing room and board for foreign students, though they could pay less income tax.
1）deduction n. deducting 扣除
我得到的工资是扣过税的。
The pay I receive is paid after the deduction of tax.
如果选手不遵守规则将被扣分。
Deductions of points will be made if competitors do not follow the rules.
deduct vt. take away (an amount or part) 扣除，减去
税款从你薪金中扣除。
Tax is deducted from your pay.
我的雇主从我本周的工钱中扣除了1英镑。
My employer deducted a pound from my wages this week.
2）covervt。 pay for, (of money) be enough for
这笔钱无法弥补损失。
The amount of money can hardly cover the loss.
因为格林先生入不敷出，所以一家人只好省吃俭用。
The Greens had to economize because Mr. Green’s income could hardly cover the expenses.
9、Towards this, they should budget between $200 to $300 a month. (Para.6)
Meaning: The amount of money to be spent on these things ranges from $200 to$300 per month.
1）in the event of if sth. happens如果……发生
如果他死了，玛丽将得到这笔钱。
In the event of his death, Mary will take the money.
如果发生罢工，军队将接过救火的任务。
In the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for fighting fires.
银行答应万一出现紧急情况可以贷款给他。
The bank promised that he could get a loan in the event of an emergency.
万一他去世，所有财产都将由他的堂弟继承。
His cousin will come into all his property in the event of his death.
10、In the event of illness, each student has a medical assistance card. (Para.6)
Meaning: All the students have medical assistance cards in case they get ill.
1）do without: manage to live or continue satisfactorily without将就，凑合
我没有足够的钱买汽车, 所以只好将就着不用车了。
I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I’ll just have to do without (one).
2）accustomed a.
（1）usual 惯常的
他坐在火炉边他常坐的位置上。
He took his accustomed seat by the fire.
（2） (~ to sth.) used to (sth.) 习惯于
这不是我所习惯的那种待遇。
This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to.
这孩子任性惯了。
The child was accustomed to having her way.
11、Basically, most students leave knowing they will have to do without their accustomed parental protection and learn to take care of themselves. (Para.7)
Meaning: Basically, most students leave their homes knowing they will have to live on their own and learn to take care of themselves without parents’ protection that they have been used to.
12、Parents always give suggestions, or even take on the task themselves. (Para.7)
Meaning: Parents always give suggestions on how to pack, or even undertake it (= do the packing) themselves.
1）take on decide to do (sth.), accept (sth.)决定做, 承担工作
不要承担使你无法应付的过多的工作。
Don't take on more than you can deal with.
我想你承担的活儿够你今年干的了。请不要再接别的活儿了。
I think you've taken on as much as you can do this year; please don't start any other activity.
13、The youngsters frequently show their lack of practice at such things. (Para.7)
Meaning: These young people very often show they haven’t had enough practice at such things.
1）lack of little or not enough of sth. that is needed 缺乏，缺少，不足
由于缺乏资金, 那个计划不得不取消。
The plan had to be cancelled for lack of money.
她唯一的问题是缺乏信心。
Her only problem is lack of confidence.
2）take along carry; take away 带着 (某人或某物), 带走 (某人或某物)
我随身带着乐谱, 可没人邀我唱歌。
I took my music along, but no one asked me to sing.
你为什么不带你母亲来听音乐会，我肯定她一定会喜欢的。
Why don't you take your mother along to the concert? I'm sure she would enjoy it.
3）to (one‘s) capacity completely full满座的，满载的
这船满载着货物。
This ship was filled to capacity with goods.
大厅挤得满满的。
The hall is filled to capacity.
14、One student from the Brazilian South succeeded in stuffing two enormous suitcases to their capacity, and had to cope with her cabin luggage as well. (Para.7)
Meaning: One student from the Brazilian South managed to fill two really big suitcases with as many items as possible, and had to handle the luggage she could take with her to the cabin, too.
1）leave behind go away with (sb. or sth. )remaining behind留下 (某物或某人)
败军撤离时，只好把伤员丢了下来。
The wounded had to be left behind when the defeated army left.
2）descend v. come, fall, or sink from a higher to a lower level; go down下来，下降
我们转过弯，看到路陡然下斜。
We turned the corner and saw that the road descended sharply.
日落西山。
The sun descended over the western hills.
他从梯子上爬下来。
He descended the ladder.
简走下楼梯。
Jane descended the stairs.
15、Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. (Para.9)
Meaning: While students are waiting for the domestic flight that will take them to the places they will stay at, they feel tension again.
1）await vt.
（1） (of a person) wait for (sb. / sth.)(指人) 等候
他焦急地等待着医学检测的结果。
He is anxiously awaiting the result of the medical tests.
我们在等玛丽的电话。
We are awaiting a call from Mary.
（2）be ready or waiting for (sb. /sth.) 准备以待，等待
我们到达时，发生了一件意想不到的事。
A surprise awaited us on our arrival.
大学里有许多艰苦的工作正等着你呢。
A lot of hard work awaits you at university.
2）domestic a.
（1） of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international 国内的，本国的
国内航班
domestic flights
国内的公众舆论反对战争。
Domestic public opinion had turned against the war.
（2） of the home, house or family家的,家庭的，家务的
许多妇女认为，由于家庭责任的原因，她们不能去争取最好的工作。
Many women feel they cannot apply for the top jobs because of domestic duties.
她喜欢出门，可他却很恋家。
She loves going out, but he's very domestic.
3）from then on since that time从那以后
一年前她遇到了车祸，从那以后她经常背疼。
She had a car accident a year ago and has suffered from back pain from then on.
从那时起他就不愿意再谈起这件事了。
From then on he refused to talk about it.
16、From then on it’s everyone for himself. (Para.9)
Meaning: Since that time everyone must take care of himself.
1）adapt
vi. become accustomed to new conditions, etc.使适应（新情况）
我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。
Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
我们搬到法国时，孩子们很顺利地适应了这一变化。
When we moved to France, the children adapted to the change well.
vt.
（1）make sth. suitable for a new use, situation, etc. 使适应（新用途，新情况）
这些树木比较容易适应这个地区的红土。
These trees adapted themselves more easily to the red earth of this region.
（2）change (something) for other uses 改写，改编, 改装
该剧已被改编以适合儿童观看。
The play has been adapted for children.
3）nourish vt.
（1） keep (a person, an animal or a plant) alive and well with food 滋养，给予营养，养育
大部分植物依赖其根所吸水分来获得营养。
Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their roots.
孩子们需要好的、新鲜的食物来滋养他们。
Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
（2）have or increase (a feeling, etc.)持有或怀有（情绪）；增进（情感）
丽莎长期以来一直希望能成为一个名作家。
Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer.
这位年轻人深深地爱着她。
The young man nourished a deep attraction for her.
4）pine vi.
（1）be very unhappy 不快活，悲伤
卡特在一次车祸后于1904年去世，丽诺日渐憔悴，6个月后在伦敦逝世。
When Carter died in 1904 after an accident, Leno pined and died in London six months later.
（2） (for) long for or miss sb. 渴望，思念
她在思念母亲。
She was pining for her mother.
n.
松树, 松木
松木是一种软木。
Pine is a softwood.
17、Another big problem encountered by most youngsters is how sick they feel about being away from home. (Para.10)
Meaning: Another big problem faced by most youngsters is that they long for home.
1）regulation n.
（1） rule made by an authority 规章，规则，条例
消防制度
fire regulations
我们做生意得遵守各种各样细小的规则。
We have to observe a million small regulations on the way we do business.
（2） controlling or being controlled 管理，节制，调节，控制
食品价格的管理
the regulation of food prices
所有机器都必须每月校准一次。
Regulation of all the machines must take place every month.
command
n.
（1） (usu. Sing.) ability to use or control sth. 掌握，控制
他精通法语。
He has a good command of the French language.
他无法控制自己。
He has no command over himself.
（2） order 命令
他讨厌当兵，因为他必须服从各种命令。
He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands.
Vt.(of sb. in authority) tell (sb.) that he must do sth.; order （指上级，当局）命令，指挥
军官命令他的士兵开火。
The officer commanded his men to shoot.
2）in turn one after another ;in a sequence 依次，逐个地; 反过来
孩子们依次说出自己的名字。
The boys called out their names in turn.
大家轮流取信。
Each of us collects the mail in turn.
理论来源于实践，转而又服务于实践。
Theory comes from practice and in turn serves practice.
3）fare n. money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi, etc. 车费，船费，乘客购票所付的费用
到伦敦去的公共汽车票价格多少？
What is the bus fare to London?
火车票价又涨价了。
Train fares are going up again.
vi. progress; get on 进展
你在国外时过得怎么样？
How did you fare while you were abroad?
在这个政府的领导下工人们会过得很惨。
Workers will fare badly under this government.
4）erosion n.
（1） process of being worn away or destroyed bit by bit by rain, wind ,etc.
腐蚀，侵蚀
the erosion of the coastline by the sea
海洋对海岸线的侵蚀
（2） reducing; destroying 削弱，减少；损害
erosion of human freedom
对人权的侵害
5）extensive a.
（1） large in area; extending far （指面积）辽阔的，广阔的
the extensive grounds of a country house
村舍周围的广阔庭院
The land is flat, and the views are extensive.
这里地势平坦，一望无际。
（2） wide-ranging; large in amount 广泛的，大量的
Her knowledge of the subject is extensive.
她对这门学科的知识很渊博。
The fire caused extensive damage to the factory.
大火使工厂遭到巨大的破坏。
18、But a series of new environmental laws ... (Para. 5)
1）a series of: A series of things or events is a number of them that is of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order.
a series of meetings 一连串会议
a series of concerts (= a concert series) 一连串的音乐会
a series of shows on TV (= a TV series) 电视系列节目 (每辑单独成集，但人物、主题前后连贯)
a series of good harvests连年丰收
publish a new series of readers for students of English 出版一套新的英语学习读物
the world series 世界系列比赛（如美国垒球或橄榄球的重要比赛）
19、... together with the creation of parks and nature reserves ...(Para. 5)
1）together with: as well as; along with; in addition to
You use "together with" to mention someone or something else that is also involved in an action or situation.
He sent her some roses, together with a nice letter.他给她送了玫瑰花，还附了一封措辞亲切的信。
A famine started which, together with the war, destroyed millions of lives. 饥荒发生了, 它与战争一道夺走了数百万人的性命。
nature reserve: an area of land or water kept for nature protection 自然保护区
20、... that cover one-quarter of the country, ... (Para. 5)
1）one-quarter: one-fourth part of the whole
In English we use the structure cardinal number (基数词) +
ordinal number (序数词) to express a fraction (分数).
one third (or: a third) 三分之一
one tenth (or: a tenth) 十分之一
two thirds 三分之二
five eighths 八分之五
seven nineteenths 十九分之七
one thirtieth (or: a thirtieth) 三十分之一
21、... are aimed at protecting Costa Rica's remaining forests. (Para. 5)
1）remaining: a. still existing, still present, that is left
The three major parties will meet tomorrow to work out the remaining differences. 三大政党明天开会,解决剩下的分歧。
Russia has removed its remaining staff from its embassy. 俄罗斯已将剩下的人员从其使馆撤出。
Mix the remaining ingredients.将剩下的配料搅拌一下。
2）aim at intend or try to do意欲或试图做
We must aim at increasing trade.
我们必须努力增加贸易额。
She is aiming at winning a gold medal at the next sports meeting.
她希望在下一次运动会上能赢得一枚金牌。
3）jungle n.
（1） area of land, usu. in a tropical country, that is covered with a thick growth of trees and plants 丛林，密林
There is not much jungle 100 miles away.
在距这里100英里的地方没有很多丛林。
The road was built out of the jungle.
这条新路是在森林中开辟出来的。
（2） place of intense or confusing struggle 斗争激烈的地方
the blackboard jungle
学生不守纪律并敌视教师的学校
the concrete jungle
高楼林立、乌烟瘴气、时有暴力事件的现代城市
3）Amazon
亚马逊河[南美洲北部]（世界最大河流之一，源出秘鲁安第斯山，东流经亚马逊平原，在巴西马拉若岛附近注入大西洋）
22、... the government sought to colonize and develop the Amazon, ... (Para. 6)
1）colonize: vt. cause a land to be settled by people who come from elsewhere. This is a figurative use of the word in its original meaning: establish a colony in ...; establish ... as a colony.
Britain colonized many parts of Africa. 英国在非洲许多地区开拓了殖民地。
Korea was colonized for a time by the Japanese. 朝鲜曾一度沦为日本人的殖民地。
colony n.
（1） country or area settled or taken over by people from another country and controlled by that country
Australia was once a British colony.
澳大利亚曾经一度是英国的殖民地。
（2） group of people from a foreign country living in a particular city or country 侨民（集合名词）
the American colony in Paris
在巴黎的美国侨民
（3） group of animals or plants living or growing in the same place 【生】群居动物，生长在一地的植物，群体（集合名词）
a colony of ants
一群蚂蚁
22、... under pressure from environmentalists around the world, ...(Para. 7)
1）under pressure: in a condition of being persuaded or influenced forcibly
We often say: be / become under pressure to do sth.
The government refused to change its policy even under pressure from the United States. 即使在美国的压力下, 政府也拒绝改变政策。
This phrase can also be used to mean: in a condition of being forced or hurried or not of one's own free will.
Mary works best under pressure. 在压力下玛丽工作最出色。
"Pressure" can also be used as a verb, meaning "try forcefully to persuade somebody to do something".
He will never pressure you to get married. 他决不会强迫你结婚的。
The government has pressured the farmers into producing more milk. 政府向农民施加压力, 要他们生产更多的牛奶。
2）reverse vt.
（1） turn (sth.) the other way round or up, or inside out 反转，颠倒，翻转
Writing is reversed in the mirror.
文字在镜子里是倒着的。
2（ exchange (two functions, positions, etc.) 互换（功能、地位等）
The husband and the wife have reversed their roles.
丈夫和妻子互换了他们的职责。
Their situations are now reversed as the employee has become the employer.
由于雇员成了雇主，他们之间的地位发生了变化。
（3） remove or wipe out 撤消，取消
reverse the decision of the lower court
撤消下级法院的判决
3）tax n.
（1） (sum of) money to be paid by people or business to a government for public purpose税，税额
sales tax 销售税
value-added tax 增值税
（2） a stress on sth. 负担
The hard work was a tax on those who were ill.
繁重的工作对病人来说是一项负担。
vt.
（1） require (sb.) to pay tax 对 .... 征税，要求 ... 付税
Household goods are taxed at the rate of 15%.
家用商品征税15%。
（2） make heavy demands on (sth.) 使负重担，使受沉重压力
Reading in the poor light taxes the eyes.
在微弱的光线下读书会加重眼睛的负担。
23、... and agreed to a plan to finance new forest protection projects. (Para. 7)
1）finance:vt. provide money for (a project, etc.)
The project is partly financed by the government. 这项工程部分经费来自政府。
The repairs to the school will be financed by a private company. 学校的修缮费用将由一家私营公司提供。
n.
(1) management of (esp. public) money
The company needs a man who knows finance. 这家公司需要一个懂财务管理的人。
(2) (pl.) money available to a person, company or country
Are the firm's finances sound? 这家公司的财务状况可靠吗？
Whether it can be done depends on your finances. 这件事能否做成取决于你的财力。
2）agree to say "yes" to (an idea, opinion, suggestion etc.) 同意，允诺，赞成
Is he going to agree to our idea?
他会赞成我们的建议吗？
Do you agree to my plan?
你同意我的计划吗？
3）finance vt. provide money for (a project, etc.) 为（项目）提供经费，为……提供资金
The project is partly financed by the government.
这项工程的部分经费来自政府。
The repairs to the school will be financed by a private company.
学校的修缮费用将由一家私营公司提供。
n.
（1） management of (esp. public) money理财（尤指公款），金融财政
The company needs a man who knows finance.
这家公司需要一个懂财政的人。
State finance has also entered a new stage.
国家财政也已开始进入一个新阶段。
（2）（pl.） money available to a person, company or country （个人、公司、政府的）财源，资金
Are the firm's finances sound?
这个公司的资金充实吗？
23、The conflict enlarged last year ... (Para. 8)
1）conflict: n.
(1) (of opinions, desires, etc.) opposition; difference; clash
the conflict between one's duty and one's desire 责任与欲望的冲突
It is not surprising that such a view has led to great conflict. 一种观点引起了很大的意见分歧是不足为怪的。
(2) struggle; fight
A conventional conflict might become a nuclear war. 一场常规战有可能会变为核战争。
conflict: vi. be opposite or in disagreement; clash
The statements of the two girls conflict. 这两个女孩的陈述不一样。
Has France ever had conflict with England in modern history? 在现代史上，法国与英国之间发生过冲突吗？
conflict
n.
（1） (of opinions, desires, etc.) opposing; difference; clash
（指意见、欲望）冲突，抵触
the conflict between one's duty and one's desire
责任与欲望的冲突
It is not surprising that such a view has led to great conflict.
这样的一种观点引起很大的意见分歧是不足为怪的。
（2） struggle; fight斗争，战斗
A conventional conflict might become a nuclear war.
一场常规战有可能会变成核战争。
vi. be against or in disagreement with; clash
与... ...相反, 抵触, 冲突
The statements of the two girls conflict.
这两个女孩的陈述不一样。
2）industrialize (industrialise) v. develop (a country or an area) extensively with industries （使）工业化
the industrialized nations
工业化的国家
The country has been slowly industrializing.
这个国家一直在慢慢地实现工业化。
24、Heavy metals from coal mining have contaminated much of the area's waters. (Para. 9)
1）contaminate: vt. make something or somebody dirty or polluted by adding dangerous or disease-carrying elements
Don't eat this cake; it may have been contaminated by the flies. 不要吃这蛋糕，它可能被苍蝇污染了。
This river has been contaminated by chemicals from the factory. 这条河流已经被工厂排出的化学物质污染了。
This verb is often used figuratively, meaning "corrupt".
They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these rotten ideas.他们正用这些腐朽的思想污染青年人的头脑。
Our students are being contaminated by foreign ideas! 我们的学生正被外来的观念所污染。
2）contaminate vt. make sth./sb. dirty or polluted by adding dangerous or disease-carrying matter污染，玷污，弄脏，污损
This river has been contaminated by chemicals.
这条河流已经被化学物质污染了。
They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these rotten ideas.
他们正用这些腐朽的思想污染着我们青年人的头脑。
3）biologically ad. of or relating to biology 生物学上
We should control insects biologically by introducing their natural enemy.
我们应该通过引进天敌这种生物手段来控制害虫。
biologically active chemicals
生物活性化学药品
25、In a special series of treaties, Eastern European countries and other nations, including the United States, have set up special funds for environmental cleanups and improving the region's power plants. (Para. 10)
Meaning: Eastern European countries, the United States and other nations have signed a number of special agreements in which sums of money are agreed on to be particularly set apart for making the environment free from pollution and improving the power stations to produce less pollution in Eastern Europe.
1）treaty n.
（1） official agreement between two or more countries （国与国之间缔结的）条约
They signed a treaty to settle all boundary disagreements.
他们签定了一项解决所有边界争端的条约。
（2） official agreement between people, esp. for the buying of property （尤指购置财产时人与人之间的）协约，约定，协商
observe the treaty
遵守条约
The house was sold by private treaty.
这座房子是通过私下订立协议出售的。
26、... have set up special funds for environmental cleanups... (Para. 10)
1）fund: n.
(1) sum of money saved or make available for a particular purpose
a relief fund救济基金 a sports fund体育基金
run a fund 运用 (或管理) 基金
set up a fund to take care of the buildings 设立一项基金来维修这些建筑物
raise funds for research into AIDS 筹集基金来进行爱滋病研究
(2) (pl.) financial resources; money
I'm short of funds so I'll pay you next week.由于我现在手头紧， 因此下周才能付给你钱。
fund: vt. provide money for sth.
The government is funding another project. 政府正在为另一项目提供资金。
The rich man was fond of funding films. 那个富翁喜欢为影片拍摄提供资金。
2）set up establish or create (sth.) 建立，创立
A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
一个救济死难者家属的基金会即将建立起来。
They needed the money to set up a special school for poor children.
他们需要一笔钱为贫困的儿童建一所专门的学校。
27、... special funds for environmental cleanups ...(Para. 10)
1）cleanup: n. the removing of dirt, pollution, crime, or corruption from somewhere
give the house a good cleanup 好好打扫一下房子
a cleanup campaign against industrial pollution 清除工业污染的运动
The Chinese people usually have a good cleanup before Spring Festival.中国人总要在春节前搞大扫除。
2）
Elbe River
易北河[中欧]
Oder
奥的河[中欧]
Danube
多瑙河[欧洲]
Ghana
加纳[西非国家]（旧称黄金海岸）
28、This explosive growth has led to removal of forests in much of the country, ... (Para. 11)
1）explosive: a.
(1) increasing very quickly
The last few years have seen an explosive increase in the number of homeless people on our streets. 近几年我们的街道上无家可归的人数激增。
There has been an explosive demand for computers these years. 近几年对计算机的需求大量增长。
(2) able to burst suddenly and easily
Certain gases are highly explosive. 某些气体极易爆炸。
explosive: n. thing which bursts easily
The heat set off some explosive. 高温引起一些炸药爆炸。
The bomb consisted of explosives packed into a briefcase. 这颗炸弹是由装在手提箱中的炸药制成的。
2）explosive a,
（1） increasing very quickly 激增的，迅速扩大的
The last few years have seen an explosive increase in the number of homeless people on our streets.
近几年我们的街道上无家可归的人数激增。
（2） able to burst suddenly and easily 爆炸的，爆发的，爆炸性的
Certain gases are highly explosive.
某些气体极易爆炸。
n. thing which is likely or able to explode 炸药
The heat set off some explosive.
高温引起一些炸药爆炸。
The bomb consisted of explosives packed into a briefcase.
这颗炸弹是由装在手提箱中的炸药所制成的。
3）lead to have sth. as its result 导致
This mistake has led to a great confusion.
这个错误使人大为困惑。
Ignoring safety rules led to a sad accident.
忽视安全规则导致了悲剧的发生。
4）removal n.
（1） getting rid of 去除，消除
the removal of the threat of being attacked
入侵威胁的消除
She agreed to the removal of the flags.
她同意撤除旗帜。
（2） taking sth. away from a place; transfer 挪走，移走，搬迁
After the removal of the soup, fish was served.
汤撤下之后鱼就端上来了。
Our removal is to take place on Sunday.
我们定于星期天搬家。
29、It has sponsored the growing of cash crops such as cassava, maize, and cotton, and the planting of trees to regenerate waste land.(Para. 12)
Meaning: The government of Ghana has officially supported the people to grow cassava, maize, and cotton, which are crops grown in order to be sold, and to replant the land that has been destroyed.
1）sponsor vt.
（1） support (a person, organization or activity) by giving money, encouragement or other help 赞助，支持
The team is sponsored by NIKE, so the players wear the letters NIKE on their shirts.
这支队伍是由耐克公司赞助的，因此运动员都穿着带NIKE字样的运动服。
（2） start; hold 发起，举办，主办
The church sponsored the fair to raise money for elderly people.
教会为老年人筹集福利基金而举办了这次义卖。
n.
（1） person who puts forward or assures an idea 发起人，保证人
the sponsor of the annual Christmas party
一年一度圣诞节晚会的发起者
（2） person who pays money to support another person, organization or activity 资助人，赞助人
The sponsors of a television program pay the costs of making the program.
电视节目赞助人承担编制节目的费用。
2）cash crop a crop that is grown mainly to be sold, rather than used by the farmer or those living in the area it is grown in 经济作物
3）cassava n. 木薯
4）maize n. 玉蜀黍，玉米
30、... the planting of trees to regenerate waste land. (Para. 12)
1）regenerate: v. develop and improve something to make it more active, successful, or important, esp. after a period when it has been declining; give or obtain new life; grow again
The Chinese government will try to regenerate the damaged area.中国政府将努力使受灾地区恢复生机。
This kind of animal's tail will regenerate if it is cut off.这种动物的尾巴如被切除会重新长出来。
The new head of the city has promised to regenerate the inner city areas. 新市长许诺重建市中心域区。
Their aim is to regenerate British industry. 他们的目的是复兴英国的工业。
regenerate
vt. improve (a place or a network), esp. by making it more active or successful重建，复兴，革新
The new city leader has promised to regenerate the inner cities.
新市长许诺重建市中心。
Their aim is to regenerate British industry.
他们的目的是复兴英国的工业。
2）observer n. person who watches carefully观察家，观察的人，观察员
an acute observer
敏锐的观察家
A careless observer may get the wrong impression.
粗心的观察者可能会得出错误的印象。
3）strengthen vt. cause sb./sth. to become stronger 使坚强，使强壮，加固，巩固，加强，增强
This latest development has further strengthened my will to leave.
最近事态的发展更增强了我要离开的决心。
This special shampoo strengthens your hair.
这种特殊的香波会改善你的发质。
31、removing the forests. (Para. 12)
Meaning: We shall know later on whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests.
Please note that in this sentence "it" is the formal subject (形式主语) and the real subject is the whether-clause. So the original order of the sentence should be: Whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests remains to be seen. Because the whether-clause is much longer than the verb remain, it is now put at the end of the sentence. So we need a formal subject
"it" at the beginning of the sentence.
It remains to be seen whether her parents will agree. 现在还不清楚她的父母是否同意。
It remains to be seen whether Rose wants to meet him. 罗斯是否希望同他见面，尚待以后见分晓。
It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed. 听上去这主意不错, 但是否能成功要等以后才能知晓。
32、... whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests. (Para. 12)
1）impact: n.
(1) strong impression or effect on sb. or sth.
The computer has made a great impact on modern life. 计算机对现代生活产生了重大影响。
(2) hitting of one object against another. In this sense, the word is often used in the phrase: on (or: upon) impact, meaning "at the moment of hitting"
The cup hit the wall and broke on impact.杯子碰在墙上时碎掉了。
impact: v.
(1) leave a powerful effect on a situation or person
These accidents will impact our school's name. 这些事故会影响到我们学校的声誉。
(2) strike, hit
The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise.球撞击球棒时发出了很大的声响。
impact n.
(1) （usu. sing.） strong impression or effect on sb./sth.
对... ...的强烈的印象或影响
Her speech made a great impact on everyone.
她的发言对每个人都产生了极大的影响。
(2) hitting of one object against another 碰撞，撞击
The cup hit the wall and broke on impact.
杯子碰在墙上时碎掉了。
v.
(1). to leave a powerful effect on a situation or person 影响，作用
These accidents will impact our school's name.
这些事故会影响到我们学校的声誉。
(2). strike, hit 碰撞，撞击
The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise.
球撞击球棒时发出了很大的声响。
2）Indonesia/Indonesian
印度尼西亚[东南亚岛国] / 印度尼西亚的，印度尼西亚人
33、... and their major religion, Islam, frowns on birth control.(Para. 13)
1）frown on: (frown upon) disapprove of
Many teachers frowned upon this practice. 许多教师不同意这种做法。
Tom wanted to go to France by himself, but his parents frowned on the idea. 汤姆想自己去法国，但他父母不同意他这个想法。
frown v.
（1） (on/upon) disagree; disapproved 不赞成，反对
Smoking is frowned upon in many restaurants.
在许多饭店，吸烟都会引起人们的不满。
Many doctors frown on a diet which has a lot of fat.
许多医生都不赞成饮食中脂肪含量过高。
（2） 皱眉，蹙额
She frowned as she stared at the blank piece of paper, wondering what to write.
她盯着那空白的纸，皱起了眉，不知道该写些什么。
n. 皱眉
"Stop doing that." she said with a frown.
"给我停下来，" 她皱着眉头说。
I noticed a slight frown of disagreement on his face.
从他的脸上我注意到了他不赞同地略微皱了一下眉。
2）birth control controlling the number of children 节育
a birth control pill
避孕丸
Taking this medicine is one way of birth control.
服用这种药是节育的一种方法。
33、... the country is now struggling to provide enough food, shelter, and employment for its people. (Para. 13)
1）shelter: n.
(1) living place住所，住处
The farmers' immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. 农民们最迫切的需要是衣、食和住。
(2) structure built to give protection, esp. from rain, wind or attack
a bus shelter 公共汽车站候车亭
Everyone looked for a shelter from the bad weather. 人人都寻找躲避恶劣天气的地方。
(3) condition of being protected, kept safe, etc.
We gave the old man shelter for the night. 我们留那个老人过了夜。
The temple provided shelter for hundreds of families whose homes had been flooded. 这座寺庙为几百个被洪水淹没了房屋的家庭提供避难所。
shelter: v.
(1) give shelter to sb. or sth., protect sb. or sth.
The trees shelter the house from the wind. 这些树为这所房子挡风。
He is trying to shelter his boss from critical remarks. 他竭力使他的老板不受批评。
In this sense, the verb shelter is usually used together with from.
(2) find a place that gives shelter; take shelter
shelter within the walls 躲在围墙内
We sheltered under a tree until the rain passed. 我们躲在树下直到雨过去。
vt. give shelter to （sb./sth.）; protect （sb./sth.）掩蔽，遮蔽，庇护
The trees shelter the house from the wind.
这些树为这所房子挡风。
He is trying to shlter his boss from critical comment.
他竭力使他的老板不受批评。
vi. find a place that gives shelter; take shelter 躲难，避难
shelter within the walls
躲在围墙内
We sheltered under a tree until the rain passed.
我们躲在树下直到雨过去。
34、...the government has waged a massive ad campaign ... (Para. 13)
1）wage:
(1) vt. start and continue. The word is especially used in the phrase: "wage a war / campaign on / against".
The three companies waged a price war. 这三家公司展开了价格大战。
The government waged a war against crime and disease. 政府向犯罪和疾病开战。
The city is waging a campaign against smoking. 这个城市正在开展一场戒烟运动。
(2) n. This word is often used in its plural form "wages", referring to the amount of money that is regularly paid to someone for the work one does.
minimum wages 最低工资 (某行业或一个国家规定的最低工资)
The workers are demanding to be paid living wages.工人要求得到能够维持生活的工资。
What is your week's wage?你周薪多少？
His wages are $200 a week. 他的工资是每周200美元。
at a wage / at wages of $ 400 a week 以400美元的周薪
2）massive: a.
(1) very large in amount or number
I've got a massive amount of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
Without a massive increase in new money, the company will suffer a financial problem. 如果没有新的巨额追加资金, 公司就会面临财政问题。
(2) large in size, heavy
A massive truck has just parked outside the house. 一辆巨型卡车停在了门外。
She has a massive forehead. 她有宽大的前额。
3) inducement n. (sth. which provides) encouragement to do sth.诱因，引诱物，动机
They have little inducement to work harder.
他们没有更加努力工作的动力。
This measure is a significant inducement to business growth.
这一措施对企业的发展具有相当大的刺激作用。
4）Saudi Arabia
沙特阿拉伯[西南亚国家]
35、But with such a large population base, the country must still convert millions more to the idea of birth control if it is to reach its population targets.(Para. 14)
Meaning: However, because of the large number of people living in Indonesia, in order to reduce the birthrate, the government has to persuade millions of people to accept the various methods of limiting the number of children.
36、... the country must still convert millions more to the idea of birth control ... (Para. 14)
1）convert: v.
(1) change one's belief, attitude, etc.（使）改变（信仰或态度等）
He honestly converted to Christianity. 他真诚地改信了基督教。
My daughter has converted me to pop music.我女儿使我喜欢上了流行音乐。
(2) change something from one form or use to another改变，转变
This seat converts easily into a bed. 这椅子可以很容易地改变为一张床。
They converted their money from pounds into dollars. 他们把英镑兑换成了美元。
Does electricity convert easily to other forms of power? 电是不是能很容易转变成其他能源形式。
37、... reach its population targets.(Para. 14)
1）target: n.
(1) a level or situation which you plan to achieve（欲达到的）目标，指标
The government's target of 3.5% growth per year seems difficult to meet. 政府每年增长3.5%的目标似乎很难达到。
We failed to reach (or: meet) this year's production target of 25,000 cars. 我们没有达到今年生产25,000辆汽车的目标。
(2) object or mark that a person tries to hit in shooting, etc.标的，靶
I had four shots but I didn't even hit the target. 我开了四枪，可是连靶子都没有打到。
The plan will be the target of many opposition attacks. 这项计划会成为反对党派各种攻击的目标。
The target of the attack was a train station in the center of the city.此次进攻的目标是市中心的一个火车站。
target: vt. aim sth. at
This sales campaign was targeted at the youth market. 这次推销活动是以青年为对象的。
Structure analysis
In Passage A, the writer uses one of the common ways to present one’s opinion. The structure can be described in the following chart.
Presentation of some ideas, opinions or arguments
Correct or reject the ideas, opinions or arguments
Presentation of some other, or different or even opposing ideas, opinions or arguments
Facts, or reasons, or examples to support the ideas, opinions or arguments presented.
Please look at the following chart again! The writer presented two different ideas: one about her early idea and the other about others’ idea. Then she goes on to reject both of them. The two ideas and the rejects are parallel to each other. In text structure analysis, we call them a Matching Relationship of compatibility. In other words, the two parts compare with each other in their similarity. Both of the ideas are not correct and are followed by corrections. So, we can also call them parallel structure.
The mother’s original opinion: To start with I must admit that at first I harbored reservations about a mixed marriage, prejudices you might even call them
The mother corrects her original opinion: But when I met Mark I found him a charming and intelligent young guy. Any mother would be proud to have him for a son-in-law. So, color has nothing to do with it.
The mother presents others’ opinion: Yes, my friends talk. Some even express shock at what you’re doing.
Then the mother rejects that opinion, too: But they live in a different world. So you see, Mark’s color is not the problem.
三、Section B
Reading Skills
Reading for the key idea in a Sentence
Although a sentence may give a great deal of information, it usually offers one key idea. Readers should learn to find the key idea in order to understand the meaning of a sentence clearly.
The key idea of a sentence usually tells:
a) what a person or an object is
b) what a person or an object is doing
Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A:
At the end of each semester, as long as the students pass final exams, American authorities grant a certificate, which is recognized in Brazil. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 4)
This sentence tells about American authorities. We know that American authorities grant a certificate. All the information about when and under what conditions they grant a certificate, or how the certificate is viewed in Brazil, adds details. The details are helpful in completing the scene for the reader, and we need to rely on these details to make the key idea clearer. But the key idea, or the main thought, in this sentence is simply “American authorities grant a certificate”.
language points
1、Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us,… (Para.1)
Meaning: Finally, a man who can speak Polish, though not fluently, comes up to us, ...
2、And so begins yet another segment of this longest journey -- all the longer because we don’t exactly know when it will end, when we’ll reach our destination. (Para.1)
Meaning: And then another part of this very long journey begins, and it seems to be longer as we don’t know exactly where our destination is and when we’ll reach there.
1）all the longer so much longer 更长
因为大雨我们不得不再呆一些时间。
We'll have to stay all the longer with the heavy rain.
2）be full ofholding or containing as much or as many as possible 满的，充满……的，装满……的
她看着他，眼眶里满是泪水。
She looked at him with her eyes full of tears.
请把这封信再打一遍。上面满是错误。
Please type this letter again. It's full of mistakes.
3）know abouthave knowledge of sth. 听说过有关……的情况
人们对他的背景知道得不多。
Not much is known about his background.
对警察问的每一个问题，她都说：“我对此一无所知。”
To every question the police asked, she said, "I don't know anything about it."
3、we can hardly afford to go there once a day on the few dollars that my father has brought with him. (Para.2)
Meaning: We can hardly pay for even one meal a day with the little money my father had with him.
1）bring with come carrying sth. 拿来，取来，带来
他来吃饭时总是带着一瓶酒。
He always brings a bottle of wine with him when he comes to dinner.
他们来我家时总带着他们的狗。
When they visit us they always bring their dog with them.
2）pay forgive money for 付给，付款
他们试图吃饭不付钱就离开饭店。
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying for their meal.
你买那些票花了多少钱？
How much did you pay for the tickets?
4、…and it seems to me that the ceaseless rhythm of the wheels is like scissors cutting a three-thousand-mile rip through my life. From now on, my life will be divided into two parts, with the line drawn by that train. (Para.3)
Meaning: As the train goes on, with the rhythm of the wheels continuing endlessly, I feel as if my life was divided into two parts by the running of the train, with my past on one side and the future on the other. There is a distance of three thousand miles between the two sides.
1）divide into (cause sth. to) break into parts 划分，分割，分开
我们打算把这个班分成若干个小组。
We are going to divide the class into small groups.
第二次世界大战后，在长达40多年的时间里，德国被分裂成两个独立的国家。
After World War Two, Germany was divided into two separate countries for more than forty years.
5、These peaks and valleys, these mountain streams and enormous rocks hurt my eyes; they hurt my soul. (Para.4)
Meaning: These peaks and valleys, these mountain streams and enormous rocks, look strange and unpleasant to me. They make me feel unhappy by reminding me I am far away from my home surroundings.
1）recoilvi. move away from something unpleasant; moving back because of fear or not liking退却，退缩
有一刻我以为父亲要打我，所以我满怀恐惧地往后退缩。
For a moment I thought father was going to beat me, and I recoiled in horror.
变质的食物散发出的难闻的气味使得这条狗向后退缩。
The dog recoiled from the rotten food because of the unpleasant smell.
2）Yiddish意第绪语，依地语（犹太人使用的国际语）。
Yiddish is the language of the central and eastern European Jews and their descendants. Written in the Hebrew alphabet, Yiddish became one of the world’s most widespread languages, appearing in most countries with a Jewish population by the 19th century. Along with Hebrew and Aramaic, it is one of the three major literary languages in Jewish history.
6、My father enters into a dynamic conversation with him and learns some entertaining tales. (Para.5)
Meaning: My father gets into an active conversation with him and hears some pleasant stories (about life of Polish people in a new land).
1）make a fortune make a large amount of money 赚钱
他卖废品赚了相当可观的一笔钱。
He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials.
他在无忧答案网中赚了一大笔钱。
He made a fortune on games of chance.
2）dress sb. in put clothes on sb. 给……穿衣服
母亲给孩子们穿上绿色的裙子。
The mother dressed the children in green skirts.
新娘穿着一身白色衣服。
The bride dressed herself in white.
3）with a heavy heart： unhappy 心情沉重，不开心
她心情沉重地转过身向人们挥手告别。
With a heavy heart, she turned to wave goodbye.
4）make sure find out whether sth. is so 查明，证实，了解清楚
我想门已上锁了，但我最好还是去确定一下。
I think the door's locked, but I'd better go and make sure.
务必弄清楚电影确是今晚放映。
Make sure that the film is on tonight.
5）after all in spite of what has been said, done or expected 究竟，终究，毕竟
你终究还是来了！
So you've come after all!
我当然钦佩她；她毕竟是一个伟大的歌唱家。
Of course I admire her; after all she is a great singer.
四、Exercises
1、Comprehension of the text
Answer the following questions.
1) Why is the flight to Los Angeles not an ordinary one for those 38 young passengers?
The flight is a start of their new experience, and they have to live without their parents for a period of time.
2) What are their purposes for going to the United States?
They go there to become fluent in English, finish high school, and understand the American way of life as much as possible.
3) How can these students get the certificate granted by American government?
They will get it if they can pass the final exams at the end of each semester.
4) Can these students get everything ready before they leave for the United States?
No. Most of them have difficulty making all necessary arrangements.
5) How does Gloria Marcato succeed in finding a host family?
She wrote a detailed letter, which showed that she was a religious and loving girl.
6) Do they need their parents to help with packing? why?
Yes, they do because they don’t have enough experience in packing, and they tend to take unnecessary things with them.
7) Why do these students feel nervous while waiting for the domestic flight?
They really have to rely on themselves for everything from then on, and they are not sure whether they can manage to adapt to new situations.
8) What are the two problems encountered by the students after they settle down?
Most of them are not used to food and long for home; some find it difficult to observe the regulation about time.
2、Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
domestic suggestion fluent descend accustomauthority
await abroad command departure grant adapt
1) He set up old people’s home with the money 【granted】_by the governmentin 2001.
2) Online learning has marked a new 【departure】in education; now the students have more resources to turn to.
3) Though the newspaper has been silent, the news of the president’s illness spread 【abroad】 everyone is talking about it now.
4.) The girl found it difficult to 【adapt】new customs when she first came to Shanghai.
5) The president has good control of 【domestic】affairs, but many people think that he does not have enough control in the area of foreign affairs.
6) She called her parents just to tell them that she had become【accustomed】to life
at the university.
7) He has a good 【command】of French and German, which enables him to work in these two countries successfully.
8) The pilot, thinking his plane was in danger, 【descended】quickly; he wanted to have the plane checked at once.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the phrases or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.
lacking in plan on in turn hit the target live through descend on
accustom…to host to take on dream of economize on adapt to
1) —What is Gail busy about after the bitter argument with her parents?
—She【plans on】getting married in the near future.
2) The old couple worked very hard day and night and 【lived through】the time of financial difficulties.
3) Have you ever 【dreamed of 】becoming a top musician?
4) Don’t【take on】too much work at once, or you will make yourself too tired.
5) This year the company【hit the target】to double their domestic sales.
6) The Grand Hotel located in the town center is playing【host to】the company’s sales meeting this year.
7) We must 【economize on】water because it is difficult to find much water in such an area during summer time.
8) I had a terrible time at the meeting; every one of them attacked my research work 【in turn】
3、Word Building
The suffix – ness can be added to adjectives to form nouns with meaning of the quality or condition of being… For example,
great—greatness cold —coldness
Add – ness to the adjectives given below. Make changes in spelling where necessary. Then complete the following sentences with some of the new nouns thus formed.
weak kind happy sad strange ill
easy gray dark lazy nervous careless
1) I have enjoyed my stay in your city very much and I have been missing my home at the same time. So it is with a mixed feeling of【sadness 】and joy that I say good-bye to you.
2) He never complains that there are any problems he cannot deal with or he is under too much pressure; he believes that such complaints are a sign of【weakness 】
3) The slightest 【carelessness 】in handling the current financial crisis can result in a crash on the country’s stock market.
4) If your child shows any signs of【illness 】 take him to the hospital without delay.
5) The light went out and the entire hall sank into complete 【darkness 】All of us had to sit still, daring not to move about.
6) She writes home saying that she never feels she is two thousand miles away from home, because she has been treated with great【 _kindness 】by the local people.
7) Some people are unwilling to work because their standard of living is ensured by social assistance. Current employment law will have to be changed to reward effort and punish 【laziness 】
8) He opened the letter with such 【nervousness 】that he could not stop the trembling of his hands.
The suffix – y can be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of full or, cover with, having the quality of, or incline to. For example:
Cloud + -y cloudy: full of clouds
Sand +-y sandy: covered with sand
Snow +-y snowy: having the quality of snow
Sleep + -y sleepy: inclined to sleep
Now form adjectives by adding –y to the nouns listed below. Make changes in spelling if necessary. Then complete the following sentences with some of the adjectives thus formed.
dirt sun curl salt health anger rain ease
silk ice wealth windlucknoisetastesleep
1) He has to shut himself in his own room reading and writing, because his little daughter is usually active and【noisy 】in front of the television in the sitting room all evening.
2) In order to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, the government has recently adopted a measure to raise income tax on those【wealthy 】international business people.
3) Though it was middle January, the weather was surprisingly warm and 【sunny 】 so we stayed out of doors the whole morning to enjoy the sunshine.
4) He was 【lucky 】that it was only an empty beer can that knocked him on the head.
5) I think that the food is very 【tasty 】at the restaurant, though the service needs to be improved.
6) You said that you don’t feel very well these days. I think you need to lead a more balanced life to become 【healthy 】and happy.
7) She stayed up very late the night before, so she was still tired and 【sleepy 】when he woke her the next morning.
8) An 【icy】wind from the north had been blowing the whole night, so the temperature dropped below zero early this morning.
4、Structure
Complete the following parts into sentences, using “it” as the formal subject.
Model: more important, learn to speak English, than, receive a certificate from the American government
—>It is more important to learn to speak English than it is to receive a certificate from the American government
1）necessary, the manager, finish the whole task, before leaving for a holiday.
It is necessary for the manager to finish the whole task before leaving for a holiday.
2）a shame, take so much money, for doing so little
It is a shame to take so much money for doing so little.
3）our responsibility, who are in trouble, help people around us
It is our responsibility to help people around us who are in trouble.
4）for us all, a surprise, realize he has been cheating us
It is a surprise for us all to realize he has been cheating us.
5）for the mother, growing into a young lady, pleasant, see her daughter
It is pleasant for the mother to see her daughter growing into a young lady
4、Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1) Sandy promised to marry John【as long as she got her father’s agreement 】 (只要她能得到父亲的同意)
2）【As long as you set a goal for yourself 】(只要你为自己定下目标), you will get somewhere someday.
3）【As long as she covers all expenses herself 】 (只要她自己支付一切费用), she can go to visit her aunt in Los Angles.
4）The secretary will get a pay raise 【as long as she does her routine job well 】(只要她做好日常工作)。
5）【As long as you never lose heart 】(只要你永不灰心), no difficulty is too great to triumph over.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1）对大多数父母来说，送孩子出国学习的决定是经过仔细考虑做出的。他们会尽力在孩子离开之前安排好一切。
For most parents, the decision to send children abroad for study is made after careful thinking. They will try to have everything worked out before their children leave.
2）杰克才开始工作了三个月，经验尚不足，所以让他独立完成这项任务是有困难的。
Jack has only been working for three months, so, for lack of experience, he will have difficulty finishing the task alone.
3）只要你详细说明要我们做些什么，我们就会尽力帮你做好一切准备的。
As long as you specify what we are expected to do, we’ll try our best to help you get everything ready.
4）苏珊以为自己会很快适应那儿的生活，可后来发现事情没那么容易，于是她开始想家。
Susan had thought she would adapt to life there soon, but she found later things were not so easy, and she began to feel homesick.
5）当离别时刻到来时，这些孩子越发觉得忐忑不安起来，因为他们不知道自己是否能适 应没有父母在身边的生活。
Tension descended on these children when it was time for departure,
Since they didn’t know whether they could adapt to life without parents.
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1) All of them go to the U.S. for the same reasons——to become fluent in English, complete high school, and understand everything they can about the American way of life.
他们都是因为同样的原因赴美的——学会说流利英语、完成中学学业及尽可能了解美国的生活方式。
2) For the majority of the students, the decision to study abroad is taken only after a period
of at least six months of careful planning.
对大多数学生来说，至少要经过6个月的精心筹划才能做出到国外去学习的决定。
3) “For me, “says seventeen-year-old Gloria Marcato, “it’s more important to learn to speak
English and to live through this experience than it is to receive a certificate from American government.”
“对我来说，”17岁的格洛里亚•马卡托说：“学会讲英语及体验这种经历比从美国政府那里拿到一张证书更为重要。”
4) Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. Very few arrive in the country with all the details worked out.
甚至那些计划留在美国完成两个学期中学课程的年轻学生也很难找到接待家庭。
在到达美国时一切都已安排得妥妥帖帖的只是极少数。
5) Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. From then on it’s everyone for himself.
学生们在等待美国国内班机把他们带到在美国的临时家庭时，越发感到紧张。
从那时起一切都得靠自己了。
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