大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料二
大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料二主 题：对Unit 1语法点——虚拟语气的讲解（2）
学习时间：2013年4月8日－4月14日
内 容：
2. 对过去的虚拟，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句的谓语动词用would (should, could, might)+过去分词。见下表：
条件状语从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式
If ＋主语 ＋had + 过去分词 主语+ would (might, could, should)+ have +过去分词
例句：
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. (fact: You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination. (fact: I did not have more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again.)
He would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in time. (fact: He didn’t see the doctor in time, so he has not recovered from his illness.)
If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station. (fact: We didn’t know that she was to arrive yesterday, so we could not meet her at the station.)
翻译小练习：
英译汉
1. If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food.
2. If you had obeyed the order, the disaster could not have happened.
3. If you had taken the old experienced worker’s advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the experiment.
4. If I had known that you were to arrive, I would have met you at the airport.
汉译英
5. 如果我的律师上周六在这里，他就会阻止我去了。
6. 要是她工作更努力些，她本是成功的。
7. 会上我没有见到你妹妹。如果她来了，她就见到我哥哥了。
答案：
英译汉
1. 要是有人警告过他，他就不会吃那个食物了。
2. 如果你服从命令的话，灾难就不会发生了。
3. 假如你早接受了那个有经验的老工人的意见，你的试验就不会失败了。
4. 如果我知道你要来的话，我就去机场接你了。
汉译英
5. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
6. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
7. I didn’t see your younger sister at the meeting. If she had come, she would have met my elder brother.
3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：（见表）
条件状语从句的动词形式（三种） 主句的动词形式
If ＋主语 ＋动词过去式 (be 的过去式用were)，通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用.
If + 主语(任何人称和数) ＋ should ＋动词原形
If + 主语(任何人称和数) ＋ were to ＋动词原形
主语+ would (might, could, should)+ 动词原形
请看以下句子：
1）If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off. (说明：The weather has been very changeable these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用现在时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性很大。
2）If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (说明：The weather has been very good these days.) 条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去时，表示说话人认为下雨的可能性不大。
3）If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (万一明天下雨，我们的野餐就推迟)。条件状语从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，说明下雨的可能性很小或没有可能，如果下雨，那将是出乎意料的。
4）If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 这句话与上一句意思几乎一模一样。
Now look at more examples:
If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
If she were to miss the train tomorrow, she might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow.
翻译小练习：
汉译英
1. 万一你失败了，你准备怎么办？
2. 要是我明天真的见到她，我就把真相告诉她。
英译汉
3. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
4. I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. If it should lose, I would treat you a meal.
答案：
1. If you should fail, what would you do?
2. If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
3. 万一明天下雨，会议就推迟。
4. 我打赌巴西会赢得世界杯。要是巴西输了，我就请你搓一顿。
统考例题讲解（重点掌握）
1. __________ is not very easy.
A. Work out the problem B. To ask him to come
C. Send it to America D. To be become a teacher
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。原句由不定式作句子的主语，所以选择B。
2. It will take a long time __________around the country.
A. to traveling B. to travel C. travel D. traveling
解析：本题为“花费多少时间做某事”的特定结构，即take some time to do sth. 所以选择B。
3. Bob had years of hard work, little food, only a cold room ________ and never had a moment to rest.
A. to live B. living C. live D. to live in
解析：live in a cold room意为“住在冰冷的房间里”，用作定语的不定式不能缺少介词in。所以选择D。
4. I asked him to stop _______ noise, for I could not make out what the speaker was saying.
A. to make B. make C. making D. to making
解析：stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”，而stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来开始做某事”的意思。所以选择C。
5. It was so noisy that I couldn’t make myself ________ clearly.
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. listen
解析：make +反身代词+过去分词，表示被动意义。make oneself heard意为“使自己的声音被听见”，即“让别人听见自己。”所以选择C。
练习题（重点练习）
词汇与结构
1. — The physics exam is not difficult, is it?
— ________. Even Harry ______ to the top students failed.
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged
C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
2. — Hi, Jane. Would you like to go to the ball this evening?
— Sorry, Frank. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared
C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared
3. — Don’t you feel surprised to see George at the meeting?
— Yes. I really didn’t think he _________ here.
A. has beenB. had been C. would beD. would have been
4. — Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.
— Oh, really? I _________. I ________ visit her.
A. didn’t know; will go to B. don’t know; will go to
C. didn’t know; am going to D. haven’t known; am going to
5. — Take this medicine twice a day, Peter?
— Do I have to take it? It ________ so terrible.
A. is tasting B. is tastedC. tastes D. has tasted
答案：1. C2. B3. C4. A5. C
写作
请以How to Keep Healthy（如何保持健康）为题写一篇不少于80词的作文。
参考范文
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy? In my opinion, it is essential to do the following:
First, it is necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise makes the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. This strengthens the heart, reduces the chance of heart attack, and helps lower blood pressure.
Second, it has been proved by medical researchers that what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.
Last but not least, it is essential to keep a good mood. Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.
If people follow these ways of keeping fit, they will greatly improve their health.
页:
[1]