大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料九
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料九主 题：Unit 6的重点单词和短语(下)、Unit 6的知识扩展
学习时间：2013年5月27日－6月2日
内 容：
NEW WORDS（对Unit 6重点单词的解释（下））
1. pathn. 小路；路线；途径
e.g. a path through the woods（林中小路）
He stepped into the path of an oncoming car.（他走到了一辆迎面而来的汽车经过的路线上。）
Development of the railways is the path to a successful transport structure.（发展铁路是通向完善运输体系的成功之路。）
2. preventvt. 防止；阻止
e.g. I couldn’t prevent the accident.（我无法防止这事故发生。）
[搭配] prevent sth. from happening
e.g. The police prevented them from leaving the country.（警方阻止他们离开该国。）
3. pleadvi. 恳求；请求
e.g. He pleaded with her until she agreed to do as he wished.（他向她恳求，直到她答应照他的愿望做才罢休。）
He pleaded with his mother to allow him to go to the circus.（他请求他母亲答应他去看马戏。）
[词形变化] 过去式 pleaded或pled 过去分词pleaded或pled
4. restorevt. 归还；恢复
e.g. The goods were restored to their original owners.（那些货物归还原主了。）
The army was called in to restore law and order.（军队被召来恢复治安。）
5. severeadj. 严厉的；苛刻的
e.g. severe military rules（严格的军纪）
Don't be so severe to her – she couldn't help it.（别对她太严厉，她也是没办法。）
6. sharev. 分享；共有
e.g. We haven’t got enough books for everyone. Some of you will have to share. （我们的书不够每人一本，你们有些人得合着一起看。）
I share the house with my brother.（我和我的兄弟合住一所房子。）
7. strategyn. 战略；计策
e.g. The general was a master of strategy.（将军精通战略。）
marketing strategies（推销策略）
8. wealthyadj. 富有的
e.g. a wealthy family（富有的家庭）
Nigeria was comparatively wealthy in those days.（在那个时候，尼日利亚相对较为富裕。）
9. willn. 意志；毅力
e.g. He no longer has the will to live.（他再也没有求生的意志。）
a battle of wills（意志的较量）
10. wisdomn. 智慧
e.g. He is a man of great wisdom.（他是一个才智超群的人。）
an old man respected for his great wisdom（一位因才智超群而受到尊敬的长者）
EXPRESSIONS
1. come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见
e.g. I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.（今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。）
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.（她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。）
2. leave for 出发去某地
e.g. Are you going to leave for Beijing?（你打算动身去北京吗?）
I’ll leave for Shanghai at nine.（九点钟，我将赴上海。）
3. run out 用完；耗尽
e.g. Our time is running out./We are running out of time.（我们剩下的时间不多了。）
My passport has run out. （我的护照已失效。）
4. let go 放开
e.g. Let go of my arm.（放开我的胳膊。）
Let me go.（放开我。）
5. on the contrary 与此相反
e.g. It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful.（我觉得它并不丑，恰恰相反，它挺美。）
I’m not ill. On the contrary, I’m very healthy.（我没有生病。正相反，我很健康。）
6. stand by 袖手旁观
e.g. How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that?（他那样虐待他那只狗，你怎么能袖手旁观呢？）
Grammar（本课难点）
一、主语从句
1. 主语从句在复合句中充当主语
大多数主语从句都可以用it代替，作形式主语，把主语从句置于句尾。that引导的主语从句可用it代替，that不可省。
e.g. That she will succeed is certain.（她会成功是确实的。）
It is certain that she will succeed.
How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.
It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
2. 用it作形式主语的主语从句结构
1) 主语+名词+从句
It is a pity that ... 遗憾的是……
It is a fact that ... 事实是……
It is good news that ... 好消息是……
It is no wonder that ... ……不足为奇
2) 主语+形容词+从句
It is natural that ... 很自然……
It is obvious that ... 显而易见……
It is possible that ... 很可能……
It is strange that ... 奇怪的是……
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems that ... 似乎……
It turned out that ... 结果……
It appears that ... 看来……
It happened that ... 碰巧……
4) It +过去分词+从句
It is not decided that ... 尚未决定
It is said that ... 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It must be pointed out that ... 必须指出……
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句的句首。
2) It doesn’t matter + how/whether ... 结构中的主语从句不可提前
It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.（正）
3) It is said/reported ... 结构中的主语从句不可提前
It is said that the expressway will be open to traffic next year.（正）
4) It happens/occurs ... 结构中的主语从句不可提前
It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.（正）
5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前
Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon?（正）
二、宾语从句
1. 作动词的宾语
1) 由that引导的宾语从句
I wish (that) she would understand me.
Jim suggested that we go to the Rocky Mountains during the summer.
2) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.（他已经通知我他们将在什么时候讨论我的建议。）
2. 作介词的宾语
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.
He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
3. 作形容词的宾语
I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.（恐怕我犯了一个错误。）
I’m delighted (that) you get good grades in school.（我在学校成绩优秀，我很高兴。）
We are not sure whether/if we can persuade him out of smoking.（我们不敢肯定能否说服他戒烟。）
4. 动词+ it + that结构
常用it作形式宾语，把作为真正宾语的that从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.（你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。）
He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan.（他说得很清楚，他不会同意这个计划的。）
5. I don’t think he is right——否定主句还是否定从句？
如果主句谓语动词表示的是“认为、相信、猜测”的概念，如：think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式
I don’t think he can do it better than me.（我想他不会比我干得更好。）
I don’t suppose she likes the book.（我认为她不喜欢这本书。）
统考例题（重点掌握）
1. Alice is a ________ person and never makes any unreasonable demands.
A. sensible B. sensitive C. severe D. solemn
解析：考点为形容词的词义辨析。A项意为“明智的，明白事理的”；B意为“敏感的”；C意为“严厉的”；D意为“庄严的”。后半句中never make unreasonable demands意为“从不提无理要求”，所以选择答案为A。
2. Not ________, with youth unemployment so high, some school-leavers with qualifications fail to find jobs.
A. obviously B. surprisingly C. particularly D. normally
解析：此题是一道副词测试题。Obviously意为“明显地”；surprisingly意为“使人惊奇地，出人意料地”；particularly是“特别地，尤其”；normally是“正常、通常地”。根据题意选择B。
3. She is quite capable and can be depended on in an _________.
A. affair B. accident C. incident D. emergency
解析：in an emergency“在危急时刻”，为一个常用短语。In affair, in accident, in incident三个词组都是“在事件中”的意思。而题意为“她很能干，在危急时可以依赖”。因此答案为D。
4. The match was cancelled because most of the members ________ a match without a standard court.
A. objected to having B. objected to have
C. were objected to have D. were objected to having
解析：这是一道语法结构题。应注意的是：object to 之后必须跟动名词，但不能作被动语态。所以选择A。
5. Nowhere else in the world _________ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.
A. you can find B. is found
C. can you find D. has been found
解析：这是一道考查倒装句的考题。Nowhere放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。题意为：在世界任何其他地方都不能找到比瑞士更美的风光了。所以选择C。
练习题（重点练习）
1. Don’t trust him, _________ he says.
A. what B. no matter whatever
C. no matter that D. no matter what
2. He suddenly left for Paris yesterday, ________ was more than we had expected.
A. that B. which C. what D. this
3. Do what you think is right, ________ they say.
A. whatever B. whicheverC. whenever D. however
4. Nancy is ________ girl.
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-years-old
C. a eighteen-years-old D. an eighteen-year-old
5. She was awarded the highest ________ for her contribution to world peace.
A. price B. press C. prize D. pride
答案：1. D2. B3. A4. D5. C
页:
[1]