大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料九
大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料九主 题：对Unit 6的语法点——分词的讲解（2）
学习时间：2013年5月27日－6月2日
内 容：
分词的用法（本课难点）
1. 作定语
作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something, anything, everything, nothing等，则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：
This is an interesting book.
( = This is a book. It is interesting.) 这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news.
( = There is something in the news. It is interesting.) 消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.
( = The man who is sitting by the window is our maths teacher.) 靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.
( = The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.) 那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of the students singing were girls.
( = Most of the students who were singing were girls.) 唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer.
( = Many of the villagers who were questioned refused to answer.) 被问的许多村里人都拒绝回答。
注意：
分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。试比较：
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child (a child who is sleeping) 正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car (a car for sleeping) 卧车
A flying bird (a bird that is flying) 飞鸟 A flying course (a course for flying) 飞行课程
A swimming girl (a girl who is swimming) 游泳的女孩 A swimming pool (a pool for swimming) 游泳池
The running water (the water that is running) 流水 The running track (the track for running) 跑道
现在分词作定语时，它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生（或差不多同时发生）。
例如：
Who is the boy dancing over there? 在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀？
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger. 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而往往用主从复合句结构。
例如：
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again. 到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows. 老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
be的现在分词being 不能用作定语（可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词）表示这种概念时，也用主从复合句结构。例如：
He has a brother who is a worker. 他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2. 作状语
分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如：
Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.
( = When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.) 学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。（时间）
Heated, the metal expands.
( = The metal expands if/when it is heated.) 金属受热而膨胀。（条件、时间）
Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.
( = As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.) 我兴奋得睡不着觉。（原因）
Being a student, he was interested in sports.
( = As he was a student, he was interested in sports.) 他是个学生，所以对体育运动感兴趣。（原因）
Inspired by Dr. Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.
( = As they were inspired by Dr. Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.) 李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞，决定更加努力学习物理。（原因）
The children went away laughing.
( = The children went away. They laughed as they went.) 孩子们笑着走开了。（行为方式）
The professor stood there, surrounded by many students.
( = The professor stood there. He was surrounded by many students.) 教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。（行为方式）
While reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.
( = While he was reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.) 看报时，父亲不时地点头。（时间）（分词前，可加表示时间的连词while 或 when.）
3. 作宾语补足语
例如：
Can you get the machine going again?你能使机器再动起来吗？
You should have your hair cut.你改理发了。
I saw him coming last night. 我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4. 作表语
例如：
The film is very moving. 这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done. 你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised. 参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass. 有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
统考例题讲解（重点掌握）
1. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
解析：现在分词短语作状语，表示make与play同时发生，故选A。
2. I don’t like to disturb you, because you’re quite tired ________ working hard today.
A. of B. with C. out D. on
解析：be tired of 的意思是：对…感到厌倦，不符合题意。C和D的意思也不正确。只有B，在这里表示原因，即因为……而感到疲惫。
3. I showed an old friend of mine around the city, ________ surprise, the changes had been so great.
A. whose B. which C. to whose D. to which
解析：本题考查定语从句。to one’s surprise是固定短语，意为“使某人惊讶的是”。先行词an old friend定语从句中作surprise的定语。故选C。
4. ________, we decided to leave at once, as we didn’t want to risk missing the bus.
A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late
C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late
解析：非谓语动词的用法，本句为现在分词短语做原因状语，分词的主语和句子的主语一致。故选D。
5. _______by the look on her face, she didn’t catch what I meant.
A. Judging B. Judged C. Judge D. To judge
解析：该题考查的是judging by (from)这个习惯用语，这个短语的意思是“根据...来判断”。这句话的译文：从她脸上的表情判断，她没有听懂我的意思。故选A。
练习题（重点掌握）
单选
1. John speaks German as if he ________ a German.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
2. He was ________ disappointed although he had failed three times.
A. too much B. not a bit C. not a little D. much too
3. He gave the order that nothing ________ until the police arrived.
A. touched B. didn’t touch
C. be touched D. shouldn’t touch
4. Fred wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
5. So heavily ________ that we could not finish the work.
A. it rained B. was it rained C. it was raining D. did it rain
答案：1. D2. B3. C4. A5. D
英译汉
1. Wangli’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.
2. Please give this book to whoever comes first.
3. Though it was late, they kept on working.
4. Bill hit his car into a wall last night.
5. Would you please help me with this heavy box?
答案：
1. 王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。
2. 请把这本书给最先来的人。
3. 尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。
4. 昨晚比尔开车时撞到了墙上。
5. 你能帮我抬一下这个很沉的箱子吗？
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