大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料十二
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料十二主 题：Unit 8的重点单词和短语(下)、Unit 8的知识扩展
学习时间：2013年6月17日－6月23日
内 容：
EXPRESSIONS
1. be disposed to 倾向于……
e.g. a man disposed to depression（一个容易消沉的人）
She’s rather disposed to fits of temper.（她动不动就发脾气。）
[注] be disposed to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”
e.g. Johnson disagreed, but did not feel disposed to argue.（约翰逊不赞成，但他并不想争辩。）
2. be ill-prepared for 没有为……做好准备
e.g. She was so ill-prepared for the exam that she didn’t pass the exam.（她没有为考试做好准备，以至于没通过考试。）
3. believe in 信奉；信任
e.g. Christians believe in Jesus.（基督徒信仰耶稣。）
We believe in his ability.（我们相信他的才干。）
4. contribute to 捐赠；贡献；促成某事物
e.g. Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.（诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。）
Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.（每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。）
5. count for 有价值；有重要性
e.g. For him fame does not count for much.（在他看来名誉算不了什么。）
Knowledge without common sense count for little.（没有常识的知识没多大用处。）
定语从句（本课难点）
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词就是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
e.g. He is the person who/that wants to go shopping.
↓ ↓
先行词关系代词
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. He is a man who/that means what he says.（他是一个说话算数的人。） who/that指人，在从句中作主语
The people who/that you met in the campus yesterday are from England.（你昨天在校园里碰到的那些人是英国来的。） who/that指人，在从句中作宾语
Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?（你们系里有谁的父亲是画家吗？） whose指人，在从句作定语
The young man with whom I traveled could speak English.（同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说英语。）whom指人，在从句中作宾语
The book which/that you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist.（你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。）which/that指物，在从句中作宾语
2. 使用要点
1) 如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who或that，只能用which或whom
This is the question about which (不能用that) they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.（这就是几周来他们反复讨论的那个问题。）
The people with whom (不用that) he worked thought he was a bit strange.（同他一起工作的人都觉得他有点怪。）
2) 如果先行词是all, much, nothing, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that, 不用which
Please just tell me anything (that) you know about the author of the book.（凡是你知道的关于本书作者的情况请都告诉我。）
There’s little that can be believed about it.
3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, no, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that
He is the only person that was present at the time.（他是当时唯一在场的人。）
This is the best TV set that is made in China.（这是中国生产的最好的电视机。）
4) 如果有两个或两人上先行词，兼指人或物，应用that
The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.
5) 介词+ which 后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句
e.g. Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes.
He has a knife with which to defend himself.
6) that有时相当于for which或in which，表示原因或方式。
He apologized to her for the very reason that he had wronged her. (that = for which)
I wish you would see things in the light that we see them. (that = in which)
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. 关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因等
1) 关系副词的意思相当于“介词+ which结构”（其用法分类列表如下）
关系副词 被替代的先行词 在从句中的作用
when (=at, in, on, during which) 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where (=in, at which) 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why (=for which) 只有reason 原因状语
He will always remember the day when (=on which) his father returned from America.（他将永远记着父亲从美国返回的那一天。）
The bookstore where (=in which) his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.（他妹妹工作的那家书店是南京最大的。）
I don’t know the reason why (=for which) he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday morning.（我不知道他为什么没参加昨天上午的会议。）
2) 关系副词引导定语从句时只起状语作用，既不能作动词的宾语，也不能作介词的宾语
The man is said to come from a town where nobody knew.（误）
The man is said to come from a town which nobody knew.（正）
Do you know the reason why she did it for?（误）
Do you know the reason why she did it?（正）
2. that有时也可以代替关系副词when, where, how或why引导定语从句，表示时间、地点或原因，that也可以省去
Do you still remember the day that (when) he arrived?（你还记得他到达的那一天吗？）
This is the second week that (during which) he hasn’t come for class.（这是他第二周没来上课了。）
The night that (when) she left was rainy.（她离开的那天晚上下着雨。）
She knows the place that (where) he stays.（她知道他呆在哪里。）
3. how不能用来引导定语从句
This is the way how he behaves.（误）
如果要用how，句子中就不能有先行词。可以说：
This is how he behaves.
This is the way he behaves.
统考例题（重点掌握）
1. Would you like something ?
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. for drinking
解析：动词不定式作定语时，通常要置于被修饰的词之后。全句意为“你想来点喝的吗？所以选择B。
2. Did you notice the guy head looked like a big potato?
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
解析：本题考查定语从句，whose head looked like a big potato修饰guy, 作guy的定语。所以选择C。
3. It is the best film ________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
解析：本题中的先行词被形容词最高级所修饰，只能用关系代词that。that在从句中作宾语。
4. You can borrow any book ________.
A. that you interest B. that interests you
C. which interest you D. which is interested in
解析：由于先行词之前有any，要选that做关系代词。注意interest在定语从句中用作动词，意为“使……感兴趣”。that在从句中作主语。
5. I still remember the days ________we studied together.
A. whose B. which C. where D. when
解析：the days为先行词，并在定语从句中表示时间。要选用关系副词when作时间状语。
练习题（重点练习）
1. The old houses are being pulled down to ________ a new office block.
A. make room for B. make use of
C. take the place of D. supply with
2. —_______ is your girl friend like?
— She is very kind and good-looking.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
3. John speaks German as if he ______ a German.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
4. Would you let ________ to the park with my classmate, Mum?
A. me go B. me going C.I go D. I going
5. We’ve looked _______ for the keys we lost.
A. in all places B. at all places
C. over all D. everywhere
答案：1. A2. B3. D4. A5. D
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