大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料一
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料一主 题：对Unit 1 的重点单词、短语的讲解
学习时间：2013年3月30日－4月7日
内 容：
NEW WORDS (对课文重点单词的解释)
1. absorbvt. 吸收
e.g. Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.（植物从土壤中吸收养分。）
Black objects absorb heat more.（黑色的物体吸热多。）
[补充] absorb还有“理解、掌握”的意思。
e.g. I haven’t really had time to absorb everything that he said.（事实上我还没有时间弄懂他说的一切。）
2. achievev. 实现，取得，达到
e.g. His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success.（他的懒惰使他不可能成功。）
He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work hard.（他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。）
3. attendv. 参加，出席
e.g. Only 7 people attended the meeting.（只有7个人参加会议。）
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.（如你不能出席，请通知我们。）
[搭配] attend to意为“处理，料理（生意或个人事务）”
e.g. I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.（我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。）
4. comprehendv. 理解、领悟
e.g. Even scientists do not comprehend these phenomena.（即使是科学家也不理解这些现象。）
I fail to comprehend how this was allowed to happen.（我不理解怎么会允许这种事发生。）
5. currentadj. 当前的，现行的
e.g. This word is no longer in current use.（这个词现在已经不再使用。）
6. definitelyadv. 确切地；肯定地
e.g. All the students that work hard can definitely pass the exam.（用功的学生必能通过考试。）
— “It’s not worth that much, is it?”（“不值那么多钱，对不对？”）
“No, definitely not!”（“对，肯定不值！”）
[词性变化] 它的形容词是definite，意为“确切的，确定的”
e.g. We have to set a definite date for the concert.（我们得为音乐会定下一个确切的日期。）
[搭配] be definite about“对……很明确/肯定”
e.g. She was very definite about how she felt.（她对自己的感觉很肯定。）
7. desiren. 渴望，欲望
[搭配] desire for 渴望……
e.g. a desire for knowledge（对知识的渴望）
a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
e.g. Anna has a great desire to travel.（安娜非常向往旅游。）
show/express a desire 表现/表达某种渴望
e.g. They did not show the slightest desire to accompany us.（他们丝毫没有表现出陪我们的渴望。）
8. effectiveadj. 有效的
e.g. Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.（做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。）
Their efforts to improve the production have been very effective.（他们提高生产力的措施卓有成效。）
9. encouragementn. 鼓励
e.g. Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.（你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。）
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.（你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。）
[词性变化] 它的动词形式是encourage，意为“鼓励”
e.g. He encouraged me to apply for the job.（他鼓励我申请那份工作。）
10. enhancevt. 增强；提高
e.g. The flavor of most food can be enhanced by good cooking.（高超的烹饪技术可以使大多数食物变得更加可口。）
11. extensiveadj. 广泛的；广阔的
e.g. He has an extensive vocabulary.（他词汇很丰富。）
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.（广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。）
12. improvevt. 改进，改善
e.g. Many dishes are greatly improved by adding fresh herbs.（许多道菜的味道都因加入了新鲜香草而大有改善。）
I want to improve my English.（我想提高我的英语水平。）
13. lowervt. 降低；减少
e.g. After 20 minutes lower the temperature to 32.5℃.（20分钟后，将温度降到32.5度。）
[搭配] lower your voice 压低嗓音
e.g. Helen lowered her voice as they approached.（当他们走近时，海伦压低了嗓音。）
14. motivatevt. 激发，激励
e.g. A good teacher has to be able to motivate her students.（好的老师必须能激发学生积极学习。）
[搭配] motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
e.g. The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard.（利润分红计划是为了激励员工努力工作。）
15. patientadj. 有耐心的
e.g. Louise was very patient with me when I was ill.（在我生病的时候，路易丝对我很有耐心。）
16. priorityn. 优先考虑的事
e.g. First let’s decide what our priorities are.（首先让我们决定优先考虑的事项。）
[搭配] have/take/get priority 有优先权
e.g. If medical supplies are short, children will be given priority.（如果医疗供应品短缺的话，儿童将得到优先考虑。）
17. progressn. 前进，进步
e.g. tests designed to monitor the student’s progress（旨在检查学生进步情况的测试）
[搭配] make progress 取得步进
e.g. Nick has made good progress with his studies this year.（今年尼克的学习有了很大的进步。）
18. retainvt. 保留
e.g. A copy of the invoice should be retained by the Accounts of Department.（发票的副本须由财务部保留。）
It’s important that the elderly should retain a sense of dignity.（老年人保持自尊很重要。）
19. reviewvt. 复习（功课、笔记等）
e.g. You should review the lesson after class.（课后你应复习功课。）
20. worsenv. （使）变得更差；（使）恶化
e.g. a worsening political situation（日趋恶化的政治形势）
EXPRESSIONS
1. as well 也，还有
e.g. I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.（我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。）
2. by no means 决不
e.g. She is by no means poor: in fact, she’s quite rich.（她可不穷，其实她很富有。）
This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.（这决非解决问题的好办法。）
3. decide on 就……做决定，选定
e.g. Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.（不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。）
Have you decided on a date for your wedding?（你结婚的日子选好没有？）
4. end up 结果为……，以……结束
e.g. He’ll end up in prison if he’s not careful.（如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。）
[搭配] end up doing sth.
e.g. We were going to go out, but ended up watching videos.（我们原计划外出，但结果却是在家看录像。）
5. every now and then 有时，时而
e.g. I still see her every now and then.（我仍偶尔能看见她。）
[注] 也可以说every now and again
6. figure out 弄明白，解决
e.g. I can’t figure out why he quit his job.（我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。）
He's trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.（他正在努力想办法解决这个问题。）
7. instead of 代替，是……而不是……
e.g. I gave him advice instead of money.（我给了他忠告，而不是钱。）
I made this cake specially, with brown sugar instead of white.（我特别地以红糖代替白糖做了这个蛋糕。）
8. keep in mind 记住
e.g. That’s something we have always to keep in mind.（那是我们应该经常记在心里的。）
Keep in mind that you have to be home by 11 o’clock.（记住，你必须在十一点以前回家。）
9. make sure 确保；核实
e.g. I think the door’s locked, but I’d better go and make sure（我想门已经锁了，但我最好还是去查看一下。）
To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.（为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。）
10. on a ... basis/ on the basis of 以……为基础
e.g. We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments.（我们是在试验的基础上得出这个结论的。）
11. on one’s own 靠自己，独立地
e.g. Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own.（尽管她父亲在公司里，但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的。）
12. put ... into practice 把……付诸实践
e.g. We’ve made our plans, and now we must put them into practice.（我们已订好计划，现在应付诸实施了。）
例题讲解（重点掌握）
1. I _______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析：因为“我乒乓打得相当好”是表明主语的特征及能力，要用一般现在时，所以选择D。
2. — Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
— I’d like to, ______ I’m too busy.
A. and B. but C. as D. so
解析：根据句意，表示转折。所以选择B。
3. Don’t lose heart. _______ and you’ll succeed.
A. Tom make another effort B. Another effort
C. Make another effort D. If you make another effort
解析：本题意为“别灰心，再作努力，你会成功的。” 本题表示递进关系，用“祈使句+ and +句子”的结构，所以选择C。
4. Tony finished his meal, ________ the bill, and left the restaurant.
A. paying B. to check C. checking D. paid
解析：本题是谓语动词并列，都用一般过去时，所以选择D。
5. They felt puzzled that a child could solve this problem _______ they themselves couldn’t.
A. once B. then C. if D. while
解析：本题表示转折，while除引导时间状语从句外，也可表示对比。所以选择D。
练习题（重点练习）
词汇与结构
1. Professor Smith promised to look _______ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.
A. after B. over C. on D. into
2. Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses _______.
A. in between B. far apart C. among them D. from each other
3. As the bus came round the corner, it ran ______ a big tree by the roadside.
A. into B. on C. over D. up
4. On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several _______ a day.
A. customersB. supporters C. guests D. clients
5. What is the train ______ to Birmingham?
A. fee B. tip C. fare D. cost
英译汉
1. My classmate is more clever than I.
2. What time do you go swimming every day?
3. Would you mind closing the window for me?
4. Could you tell me where the post office is?
5. I’m thinking about a visit to Paris.
答案：
词汇与结构
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
英译汉
我的同学比我聪明。
你每天何时去游泳？
能帮我关一下窗户吗？
请问邮局在哪里？
我在考虑去巴黎旅游。
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