大工13春大学英语2（远程英语2）辅导资料二
大工13春大学英语2（远程英语2）辅导资料二主 题：Unit 1 Learning Skills and Learning Strategies
学习时间：2013年4月8日－4月14日
内 容：
我们这周主要学习Unit 1中语法能力和写作能力的相关内容。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对相关知识点的理解。
一、学习要求
1．了解强调句的用法和功能；
2．学会布局谋篇和构思写作提纲。
二、主要内容
1．强调句的用法和功能
“强调”是一种修辞方式，为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出强调而采用的一种修辞手段。“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，常用的句型有以下几种：
⑴ It is/was +被强调部分+that/who …
此句型可以强调除了谓语以外的任何部分。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：
① 去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：
a. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
b. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
显然，句a去掉It is… that …后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句b去掉It is … that …后，句子变为you and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：
It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. this
答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。
That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。
② 如果强调的是时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍要用that，且通常不能省略。试比较：
It was because of the accident why he was late. (误)
It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。
又如：
It was not until midnight _______ they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语until midnight而误选。
It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important.
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. as
答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。
It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. when
答案A。强调地点状语in New Zealand.
③ 被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。如：
Was it you that/who let out the secret to her? 是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？
注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。
It was I who put forward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。
④ 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。
It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。
It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.
是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。
⑵ （主语+）do/does/did +谓语动词…
此句型用来强调谓语动词。Do有时态和人称变化。
This is exactly what he did say.
His opinion does influence others at the meeting.
⑶ … 反身代词…此句型用来强调代词（itself除外）。
适用于此句型的有myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself。强调“亲自，本人”。反身代词一般放在它所强调的代词的后面，有时也放在整个句子的后面。
Doing itself is learning.
One must take part in social practice oneself.
⑷ … the very +名词…此句型用来强调名词。
A computer is the very thing that I need at present.
⑸ 疑问词+强调词或短语+助动词或be动词+主语+其他
此句型中的强调词或短语主要用来加强疑问词，表示“究竟，到底”。适用于此句型的词和短语有：ever, the devil, on earth, under the sun, in heaven, under heaven等。
When ever did you last see your key?
What under the sun/the devil/on earth has he done to you?
Where in heaven were you?
⑹ …加强语气的副词…此句型使用副词用来加强语气。
此类副词有：right(正好，恰恰，完全), indeed(确实，实在), just(真正，非常), even(甚至), ever (非常，极)等。
The new store is right opposite the mall.
Was she ever delighted!
In China today, even school children know how to use the Internet well.
⑺ 被强调部分+主语+谓语+其他
此句型被强调部分可以是状语，宾语，主语补足语。
By exploring the Internet you can get almost all the information you need.
Very grateful I am for your help.
⑻ 强调词+助动词+主语+谓语+其他
此句型是把强调的词放在句首，句子的其它部分要部分倒装的句子结构。此结构中的强调词包括表示否定意义的词和其它副词和词组：not，never, seldom, nowhere, not only…but also…, at no time, by no means, on no account, scarcely, few, so…that…, often, many a time等。此句型也属于倒装句型，在以后的章节中还要详细介绍。
Scarcely had we gathered at the gate when it began to rain.
Never had he done any housework since their marriage.
2．布局谋篇和构思写作提纲
写作文时，应首先写一个提纲。提纲即是文章的计划。在落笔之前，对文章从内容到结构有明确而清晰的打算，才能保证文章既紧扣主题，又有条不紊。经过对题目的酝酿构思，把筛选的内容按前后，重要次序排列，整理归纳成文章的框架。提纲的重点为段落的中心、发展方法、过渡衔接和句型等。文章的组织结构要符合以下几点要求：首先，要服从于表达主题思想的需要；其次，要体现文章体裁的特点；再次，要具有逻辑性；最后，要严谨、完整。
提纲并非一定要规范化，允许采取各自喜欢的格式，关键在于对文章所要反映的主题和内容的安排有比较清楚的考虑。但提纲更注重内容的一致性，应注意以下几点：
⑴ 每一主要段落紧扣文章主题；
⑵ 每一主要段落包含若干具体内容；
⑶ 具体内容选择、安排得当；
⑷ 避免段与段之间意思的重复。
三、重要考点
1. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. this
2. It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
3. Was it in the room ____ Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held?
A. that; that
B. where; that
C. where; where
D. that; where
4. It was _____ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A. repairing
B. repaired
C. to repair
D. in repair
5. It is in Steven Spielberg’s first film, Jaws, ____ a big white shark attacks swimmers ____ are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea.
A. where; who
B. which; that
C. that; that
D. where; that
6. — You seemed to have been impressed by his songs.
— Well, not exactly so. It was his way of singing____ his voice that really impressed me.
A. rather than
B. as well as
C. but also
D. together with
7. When was ____ you met with the famous scientist?
A. it that
B. it
C. the place
D. the place that
8. It was the photo of mine ____ was taken ____ stood the high tower.
A. which; that
B. that; that
C. that; where
D. who; that
9. Is it the years ____ you worked in the factory ____ have a good effect on your literary works?
A. that; where
B. that; that
C. when; where
D. when; that
10. — Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?
— No, _____ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it was
B. there was
C. there were
D. there had
参考答案
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A
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